Congestion pricing imposes a usage fee on a public resource during times of high demand. Road pricing involves cordoning off a section of the city and imposing a fee on vehicles that enter it. Parking pricing increases the costs of on-street and perhaps off-street parking. Following an historical review, we develop a new queueing model of the parking pricing problem, recognizing that many urban...

Pricing is an effective tool to control congestion and achieve quality of service (QoS) provisioning for multiple differentiated levels of service. In this paper, we consider the problem of pricing for congestion control in the case of a network of nodes under a single service class and multiple queues, and present a multi-layered pricing scheme. We propose an algorithm for finding the optimal ...

Traffic congestion can be evaluated in various ways that result in very different conclusions about the nature of the problem and optimal solutions. This paper describes various factors that affect congestion costing and the evaluation of potential congestion reduction strategies, including the scope of analysis, baseline speeds, travel time unit costs, the impacts of traffic speeds on accident...

This study investigates Pareto-improving congestion pricing and revenue refunding schemes in general transportation networks, which make every road user better off as compared with the situation without congestion pricing. We consider user heterogeneity in value of time (VOT) by adopting a multiclass user model with fixed origin-destination (OD) demands. We first prove that an OD and class-base...

Marginal-Cost (MC) tolls are known to produce economic efficiency of network flows. Yet, MC pricing has not been widely adopted, because of various perceived unpopular aspects, such as complexity, collection costs, and inequities. Minimal Revenue (MinRev) pricing has been suggested as a means to achieve most of the economic improvements of MC pricing with fewer unpopular aspects. One claimed im...

Pricing is one of the biggest challenges facing the next generation of the Internet. Even if flat rate pricing is one of the main reasons for the success of the Internet, the only way to prevent network congestion and to differentiate services is to adopt usage-based pricing schemes. We review in this paper, from a mathematical modeling point of view, the pricing schemes without resource reserv...

... American policy makers are increasingly considering the use of charges and fees on road users to reduce traffi c in heavily congested urban areas. Congestion costs are emerging as one of the most important challenges faced by metropolitan planners and transport authorities in developed economies. In the United States, these costs were as high as $78 billion in 2005 and are growing as a resu...

In the resource pricing concept, developed by Kelly et al. [1], the network marks packets with appropriate price signals to direct the users’ actions. The theoretically correct congestion dependent prices, however, are not all known at the time when the marking occurs at a network resource. In this paper, we propose a packet marking algorithm which maximally utilises the information available a...

This paper examines the case for usage-based pricing in the Internet. We extend earlier work by Mackie-Mason and Varian [21] on congestion-based pricing in a single network to the case of multiple, competing carriers, and examine the problem of settlements between service providers that arises. With optimal congestion prices, it will probably be necessary to allocate revenues to the multiple, c...

We study optimal tolls for network congestion games where players aim to route certain amount of traffic between various source destination pairs. We consider weighted atomic users, unsplittable traffic and arbitrary nondecreasing latency functions. Users are selfish and want to follow routes that minimize their respective latencies. We focus on pure Nash equilibria. A Nash equilibrium profile ...