ease (RHD). Certain forms of congenital heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot, small ventricular septal defect, and aortic stenosis are at particular risk for BE. Following BE, patients with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot have less morbidity and higher survival rates than children with aortic outflow lesions. Over the entire time period, alpha Streptococcus is the most co...

THE description of individual disorders of the macula by various names has led to confusion. Several familial and hereditary macular diseases have been classified under the title of heredo-macular degeneration. In this category is Best's disease, which is described as a familial congenital macular defect. This is a rare condition, characterized by retention of good central vision and lack of pr...

Arrhythmias are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Arrhythmias can be due to the primary anatomical defect or they can be a consequence of the long term effects of haemodynamical defects and surgical repairs. Atrial arrhythmias are the most frequent form and their prevalence varies between 10-60% in different congenital defects. Ventricula...

Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week is observed each year during February 7-14 to promote awareness and education about congenital heart defects (CHDs). CHDs affect approximately one in 100 births every year in the United States and are the most common type of birth defect (1,2). Heart defects are conditions that persons live with throughout their lives; an estimated 1 million children and 1...

A 3-year-old Chinese boy was diagnosed with ipsilateral congenital malformations: right lung hypoplasia, dextroversion of heart, atrial septal defect, hepatic vein drainage directly into the right atrium, facial asymmetry, right microtia and congenital deafness, and indirect inguinal hernia. He underwent indirect inguinal hernia repair at the age of 2. Although without any facial plastic surger...