In a 4Pi-confocal microscope the specimen is illuminated and observed coherently from above and below such that the numerical aperture is increased [S. W. Hell, European Patent Application 91121368.4 (filed 1990, published 1992), S. W. Hell and E. H. K. Stelzer, J. Opt. Sot. Am. A9,2159 (.1992)]. The point spread functions of 4Pi-confocal and confocal microscopes were measured. Our measurements...

The fluorescence confocal microendoscope provides high-resolution, in vivo imaging of cellular pathology during optical biopsy. The confocal microendoscope employs a flexible fiber-optic catheter coupled to a custom-built slit-scan confocal microscope. The catheter consists of a fiber-optic imaging bundle linked to a miniature objective and focus assembly. The 3-mm-diameter catheter may be used...

With ZEISS LSM 800 you are choosing a flexible and compact confocal laser scanning microscope, complete with highly sensitive GaAsP detector technology and fast linear scanning. Add Airyscan, the revolutionary detection concept from ZEISS, and you will gain 1.7× higher resolution in all three dimensions – resulting in a 5× smaller confocal volume. And you will be pushing sensitivity beyond the ...

PRINCIPLES OF LUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY ................................•..........•...........•............ 273 Photometric Features of a Luminescence Microscope ............................................... 273 Performance Criteria................................................................................................ 276 Practical Considerations ................................. .......

We review approaches for simultaneous imaging of three-dimensional director structures and component distributions in composite materials using fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy. To study dynamic processes in these systems, we use the Nipkow-disk microscope in which the confocal images are obtained within milliseconds. The visualized director fields, free-standing film profiles, and o...

Recent advances in confocal microscopy, coupled with the development of numerous fluorescent reporters, provide us with a powerful tool to study the development of plants. Live confocal imaging has been used extensively to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation of roots, shoots and leaves. However, it has not been widely applied to flowers, partly because of specif...