Plenty of researches have been performed to probe the diverse properties of ZnO nanowires, but only a few have focused on the physical properties of a single nanowire since to analyze the optical confinement and their correlation lengths along a single nanowire is difficult. In this study, a single ZnO nanowire was synthesized using a Ti-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to avoid ...

We have studied the superfluid transition of 4He in situations where the growth of the correlation length is limited by a uniform spacial confinement. Under these conditions the critical behavior attained in the thermodynamic limit is greatly modified. One expects that data for similar confinement should scale with the correlation length. This is found to be true for the specific heat in planar...

There are two basic low energy features of strong interactions, which should be explained by QCD: confinement and spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. While the latter can be more or less explained in terms of instantons [1], confinement is much less understood. Recently, however, much evidence has been accumulated for the idea that confinement is realized as a dual Meissner effect [2], at ...

Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) can be used in optical communications as transmission lines. For this reason, the PCFs with low confinement loss, low chromatic dispersion, and low nonlinear effects are highly suitable transmission media. In this paper, we introduce a new design of index-guiding nanostructured photonic crystal fiber (IG-NPCF) with ultra-low chromatic dispersion, low nonlinearity ...

This paper presents a comparative study of confinement ability of two 4-ring hexagonal lattice indexguided PCFs with different air-hole spacing (pitch) in the visible spectrum. From analysis and comparison of the two optimized PCF structures, it can be investigated that the confinement loss is very low in the structure designed with d/ Λ =0.5 and Λ =1.4μm, where the light is single mode and con...

A favorable regime of H-mode confinement, seen on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is described. Following a brief period of ELM-free H-mode, the plasma evolves into the Enhanced D-Alpha (EDA) H-mode which is characterized by very good energy confinement, the complete absence of large, intermittent type I ELMs, finite impurity and majority species confinement, and low radiated power fraction. Accompan...

In a cellular environment, confinement and macromolecular crowding play an important role in thermal stability and folding kinetics of a protein. We have resorted to a generalized version of the Wako-Saitô-Muñoz-Eaton model for protein folding to study the behavior of six different protein structures confined between two walls. Changing the distance 2R between the walls, we found, in accordance...

A description of confinement in QCD requires the presence of magnetic monopoles[1]. The resulting effective theory can be interpretted as producing dual Meissner effect [2] responsible for confinement. Lattice QCD studies indicate that monopoles cover the physical vacuum in the confining phase[3]. Confinement is in the infrared regime where the QCD coupling is large so that one has to use non-p...

Cells adopt distinct signaling pathways to optimize cell locomotion in different physical microenvironments. However, the underlying mechanism that enables cells to sense and respond to physical confinement is unknown. Using microfabricated devices and substrate-printing methods along with FRET-based biosensors, we report that, as cells transition from unconfined to confined spaces, intracellul...

We investigate effects of lateral confinement on spin splitting of energy levels in 2D hole gases grown on [311] GaAs. We found that lateral confinement enhances anisotropy of spin splitting relative to the 2D gas for both confining directions. Unexpectedly, the effective g factor does not depend on the 1D energy level number N for B parallel[01[over ]1] while it has strong N dependence for B p...