The author is rightfully proud of his plant and that plant's owner is fortunate in having his firm perception and experience to guide it. He had no part in the design mistakes that have now been largely surmounted, and that have been detailed in the many references he cites. One point of unique­ ness should have been added: This is the only place in the world where a significant number of large...

Conversion of water into steam is the primary function of a utility boiler. The steam pressure is used to turn a steam turbine thus, generating electricity. Within the boiler drum there exists a steam/water interface. Boiler steam drum water level is one of the important parameters of power plant that must be measured and controlled. For safe and efficient boiler operation, a constant level of ...

This paper shows how to use Markov Decision Processes to guide the actions of the operation personnel during a transient in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The critical events shown correspond to situations where a strong participation of human operators is required. The aim is to help the steam generation control system to set the plant on a safe operation state. The proposed system al...

Hydrogen demand in refineries is increasing vigorously due to the stringent transportation fuel specifications, furthermore the interest in the so-called hydrogen economy developed in the recent years put the hydrogen as energy carrier in the centre of a growing interest. More than 95% of the hydrogen for refinery use is nowadays produced via hydrocarbon steam reforming, where Foster Wheeler pl...

ally produced organic material and its majority is used in the production of polymers and derivatives. Between a variety of processes the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam (steam cracker) is mostly used. Regardless of the process type, all plants require process analytical equipment to collect reliable and accurate process data for process control, product quality, and p...

Mitsubishi Kasei and Mitsubishi Petrochemical merged to become Mitsubishi Chemical in 1994 making it the largest chemical company in Japan. This created an opportunity for improving their production systems especially for those production sites that are physically built next to each other. Mitsubishi Yokkaichi production site is a typical example, which consisted of three production sites in th...

background: thymus daenensis is on e of the endemic aromatic species in iran that its essential oil is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. objective: in this study, the effects of plant growth stages and distillation methods on essential oil content and thymol percentage of this species were evaluated. methods: the aerial parts of th. daenensis were collected in three stages of plant gr...

The requirements to be met by the next generation of power plants are subject to various criteria depending on regional considerations. Whereas efficiency together with environmental protection, availability and power generating costs head the list of priorities in the highly industrialized countries, investment costs and financing are becoming increasingly important factors in the growth count...

This paper investigates the optimisation of pressurised steam production for a power plant, via a number of interconnected boilers of varying efficiency characteristics. The aim of the scheme is to provide the required amount of steam whilst allowing sufficient spare capacity to compensate for boiler failure. The proposed solution uses evolutionary techniques based on genetic and memetic algori...

In this work, two different approaches – an iterative thermodynamic method and a neural network model – are proposed and compared for the modeling of steam turbines. The iterative thermodynamic model can predict steam mass flow, pressure, temperature, enthalpy and power on each turbine drum. The NN model can predict the generated mechanical power. Both models have been trained and validated on ...