The olivocochlear (OC) pathway is the source of major feedback control of ascending acoustic information. Two main patterns of axonal branching are evident at this and other levels of the auditory pathway: long-distance collaterals and branches involved in feedback-control loops. Only a minority of OC neurons project to both cochlea, consistent with a role for the system in sound localization. ...

Actin branches out in yeast any of the same proteins control actin polymerization in budding yeast and mammalian cells. But budding yeast researchers—hampered by an emphasis on genetics and an inaccessible yeast cytoplasm dense with ribosomes and glycogen granules—have often lagged behind in providing structural descriptions based on electron microscopy (EM). This has fueled suspicions about wh...

NORMAL conjunctival vessels have been studied with the slit lamp by many observers, including Koeppe (1920-22), Vogt (1930-31), Graves (1934), Berliner (1943), and Meesmann (1927). The conjunctival vessels are capillaries, many of which are seen to be filled with red blood corpuscles; some of these capillaries are fairly large, but others are fine. These capillaries, containing one row of red b...

Beeswax is a multicomponent material used by bees in the genus Apis to house larvae and store honey and pollen. We characterized the mechanical properties of waxes from four honeybee species: Apis mellifera L., Apis andreniformis L., Apis dorsata L. and two subspecies of Apis cerana L. In order to isolate the material effects from the architectural properties of nest comb, we formed raw wax in ...

Compressed pattern matching refers to the process of, given a text in a compressed form and a pattern, finding all the occurrences of the pattern in the text without decompression. To utilize bandwidth more effectively in the Internet environment, it is highly desirable that data be kept and sent over the Internet in the compressed form. In order to support information retrieval for compressed ...

Compressed wood, which is formed by a process that increases the wood’s density, aims to improve its strength and dimensional stability. Compressed wood can be used in building and construction, especially for construction of walls and flooring. Currently, supplies of wood are becoming limited, and the oil palm tree has become one of the largest plantation species in Malaysia. Oil palm trunk co...

We discuss the applicability of compressed sensing theory. We take a genuine look at both experimental results and theoretical works. We answer the following questions: 1) What can compressed sensing really do? 2) More importantly, why? I. WHAT CAN COMPRESSED SENSING DO? Compressed sensing theory is described and studied as a panacea in many fields of science and engineering, evidenced by the w...

It has been proposed that antigenic evolution of hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) for H3N2 human influenza A virus was punctuated. In the population genetic analysis, however, it was controversial whether positive selection operated on HA1 in a punctuated manner for the branches of the phylogenetic tree where transitions to new antigenic clusters occurred (C branches), or continuously. In the molecular ev...

Speakers vary their speech rate considerably during a conversation, and listeners are able to quickly adapt to these variations in speech rate. Adaptation to fast speech rates is usually measured using artificially time-compressed speech. This study examined adaptation to two types of fast speech: artificially time-compressed speech and natural fast speech. Listeners performed a speeded sentenc...

and steady-state net photosynthetic rates of lateral branch shoots of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco seedlings growing in the open and in the forest understory were investigated in situ. Mean incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 702.5 μmol m s on open-grown branches and 52.0 μmol m s on understory-grown branches. Mean daily durations of PPFD greater than 50...