Annual variations in biogeochemical and physical processes can lead to nutrient variability and seasonal patterns in phytoplankton productivity and assemblage structure. In many coastal systems river inflow and water exchange with the ocean varies seasonally, and alternating periods can arise where the nutrient most limiting to phytoplankton growth switches. Transitions between these alternatin...

This thesis contains five chapters. The notations, terminologies, definitions and numbering of equations, theorems and algorithms are independent in each chapter. Chapter 1 provides a fundamental introduction and contextual discussions to provide a unified theme for the subsequent chapters into a complete work. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are arranged for ease of reading and understanding separately. F...

The focal point of the revealed preference (RP) valuation literature, including recreation demand and random utility maximization (RUM) models, has been on eliciting the “use” value associated with environmental amenities; i.e., that portion of value associated with direct use of a resource. Mäler’s (1974) concept of weak complementarity is typically invoked to justify this focus. Indeed, weak ...

We propose a homogeneous model for the class of mixed horizontal linear complementarity problems. The proposed homogeneous model is always solvable and provides the solution of the original problem if it exists, or a certificate of infeasibility otherwise. Our formulation preserves the sparsity of the original formulation and does not reduce to the homogeneous model of the equivalent standard l...

Background: In earlier experiments the role of the vacuum fields could be demonstrated as the source of complementarity with respect to the temporal properties (Heuer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114:053601, 2015). Methods: Single photon first order interferences of spatially separated regions from the cone structure of spontaneous parametric down conversion allow for analyzing the role of the mode...

An extension of the linear complementarity problem (LCP) of mathematical programming is the so-called rational complementarity problem (RCP). This problem occurs if com-plementarity conditions are imposed on input and output variables of linear dynamical in-put/state/output systems. The resulting dynamical systems are called linear complementar-ity systems. Since the RCP is crucial both in issu...

We present a new algorithm for the solution of general (not necessarily monotone) complementarity problems. The algorithm is based on a reformulation of the complementarity problem as a nonsmooth system of equations by using the Fischer-Burmeister function. We use an idea by Chen, Qi and Sun and apply a Jacobian smoothing method (which is a mixture between nonsmooth Newton and smoothing methods...

Rejecting Capital-Skill Complementarity at all Costs Any serious empirical study of factor substitutability has to allow the data to display complementarity as well as substitutability. The standard approach reflecting this idea is a translog specification – this is also the approach used by numerous studies analyzing the relative capital-skill complementarity hypothesis formulated by GRILICHES...

A real square matrix Q is a bilinear complementarity relation on a proper cone K in R if x ∈ K, s ∈ K∗, and 〈x, s〉 = 0⇒ xQs = 0, where K∗ is the dual of K [14]. The bilinearity rank of K is the dimension of the space of all bilinear complementarity relations on K. In this article, we continue the study initiated in [14] by Rudol et al. We show that bilinear complementarity relations are related...

Monetary policy as a tool for expectations management is believed to be most effective if it can coordinate the beliefs and expectations of the economic agents. The optimal communication policy is in an environment where central bank announcements are common knowledge and abundant information is complete transparency. The above conclusion is altered in the more realistic situation where economi...