in this paper, the effects of several factors such as surfactant concentration, solute concentration, impeller speed and holdup on the mean drop diameter ( ) during emulsification have been studied in a single-stage mixer-settler extractor. a video technique has been developed in order to measure drop size distribution in the mixing chamber using a digital camera. the results show decreases wit...

Our previous description of solute drag on a synthetic membrane has been extended to include the solutes mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and dextran. Labeled and nonlabeled forms of these solutes were used in pairs to quantitate solute flux interaction. Three membranes with pore sizes of 350, 80, and 20 A, respectively, have been utilized. It is shown that solute flux interaction occurs w...

Player-Compatible Equilibrium (PCE) imposes cross-player restrictions on the magnitudes of players' “trembles” onto different strategies. These capture idea that trembles correspond to deliberate experiments by agents who are unsure prevailing distribution play. PCE selects intuitive equilibria in a number examples where trembling-hand perfect equilibrium (Selten, 1975) and proper (Myerson, 197...

The data presented here reveal a new facet of the physiological adjustment processes through which Bacillus subtilis can derive osmostress protection. We found that the import of proteogenic (Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, and Arg) and of nonproteogenic (Orn and Cit) amino acids and their metabolic conversion into proline enhances growth under otherwise osmotically unfavorable conditions. Osmoprotection b...