BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity is a determinant of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Active travel to work has declined in high-income countries in recent decades. We aimed to determine which socioeconomic and demographic characteristics predicted switching to or from active commuting, whether switching from passive to active commuting (or the reverse) independently predicts change...

BACKGROUND Active commuting to school can contribute to daily physical activity levels in children. Insight into the determinants of active commuting is needed, to promote such behavior in children living within a feasible commuting distance from school. This study determined feasible distances for walking and cycling to school (criterion distances) in 11- to 12-year-old Belgian children. For c...

Reimbursement of commuting costs by employers has attracted little attention from economists. We develop a theoretical model of a monopsonistic employer who determines an optimal recruitment policy – in a spatial labour market with search frictions, and show that, in general, partial reimbursement of commuting cost will be an element of the recruitment policy. The empirical evidence we offer is...

Let Mn be the collection of n×n complex matrices equipped with operator norm. Suppose U, V ∈ Mn are two unitary matrices, each possessing a gap larger than ∆ in their spectrum, which satisfy ‖UV −V U‖ ≤ ǫ. Then it is shown that there are two unitary operators X and Y satisfying XY −Y X = 0 and ‖U−X‖+‖V −Y ‖ ≤ E(∆/ǫ) “ ǫ ∆2 ” 1 6 , where E(x) is a function growing slower than x 1 k for any posit...

In this paper, we introduce some new types of pairs of mappings (f , g) on G-metric spaces called G-weakly commuting of type Gf and G–R-weakly commuting of type Gf . We obtain also several common fixed point results by using the (E.A) property. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The work of M. S. Livšic and his collaborators in operator theory associates to a system of commuting nonselfadjoint operators an algebraic curve. Guided by the notion of rational transformation of algebraic curves, we define the notion of a rational transformation of a system of commuting nonselfadjoint operators.