Abstract The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of the People’s Republic China (PRC) is now site largest mass repression an ethnic and/or religious minority in world today. Researchers estimate that since 2016 over one million people (mostly Uyghurs) have been detained without trial XUAR a system “re-education” camps. Outside camps, region’s Turkic Muslim population are subjected to dense...

BACKGROUND Ecological and cross-sectional studies have indicated that conservative political ideology is associated with better health. Longitudinal analyses of mortality are needed because subjective assessments of ideology may confound subjective assessments of health, particularly in cross-sectional analyses. METHODS Data were derived from the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Inde...

FOR TOO LONG THE STUDY OF COMMUNISM AND COMmunist movements has preceded as sui generis, with no concern for its relation to broader academic areas of inquiry or for some of the more pertinent questions of the epoch. Scholars in Communist affairs have passed their colleagues working in other areas of academic inquiry like ships in a foggy sea, heading for similar destinations and using analogou...

The notion that economic integration will bring cultural integration in its train is only partly valid. As I describe in this article, economic development does make societies less nationalistic and more tolerant, trusting, and democratic. But the broad cultural heritage of a society— Protestant, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Confucian, or Communist—leaves a lasting imprint on values that endures d...

The primary function of banks during economic transformation is seen to be provision of an efficient payments mechanism. The lack of banking skills, particularly in credit allocation, is seen as the major problem in achieving stable monetary systems. This is a problem which can be expected to last many years. The solution is to limit banks to very safe assets (initially central bank liabilities...

The authors argue, in line with recent research, that operationalizing gender ideology as a unidimensional construct ranging from traditional to egalitarian is problematic and propose an alternative framework that takes the multidimensionality of gender ideologies into account. Using latent class analysis, they operationalize their gender ideology framework based on data from the 2008 European ...