BACKGROUND The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) industry has grown in size and organizational complexity in recent years, most notably with the entry of major tobacco companies in 2012 and the proliferation of vape shops. Many brands maintain retail websites that present e-cigarette marketing claims and sell directly to consumers. Understanding of the evolving composition of different types o...

Five brands of ethylene oxide- and autoclave-sterilized membrane filters were examined for their ability to recover fungi from natural waters. Results showed that the recovery on Gelman membranes was consistently higher than on the other brands tested.

We investigate the concept of the heritage store, that is, the locations that lies at the heart of a brand's identity and history. Based on store observations and interviews with managers and sales personnel in the luxury industry, we analyze the characteristics of heritage stores and their role in the management of heritage brands. We show how managers sacralize a store's heritage to nurture t...

Submitted August 1999 Revised February 2001 © Journal of International Marketing Vol. 9, No. 2, 2001, pp. 97–114 ISSN 1069-031X Susan P. Douglas, C. Samuel Craig, and Edwin J. Nijssen line basis, without considering the overall balance or coherence of branding in international markets from a strategic perspective. However, as international markets evolve and become more closely interlinked, fir...

Social media has changed how companies and brands communicate with customers. To compete run social marketing to obtain a competitive advantage. As small medium-sized company, Bittersweet by Najla utilizes TikTok product quality increase buying intention. This study aimed determine the effect of on purchase The method used quantitative non-probability sampling technique, questionnaires collecte...

The microbiological quality of the five leading brands of Norwegian bottled still waters was investigated. All brands were free for the enteric indicator organisms and named pathogens whose absence is demanded in current quality directives. The relatively nutrient-poor agar R₂A revealed large heterogeneous bacterial populations which grew slowly, or not at all, on clinical media specified for u...