The specialized regions of neocortex of mammals, called areas, have been divided into smaller functional units called minicolumns, columns, modules, and domains. Here we describe some of these functional subdivisions of areas in primates and suggest when they emerged in mammalian evolution. We distinguish several types of these smaller subdivisions. Minicolumns, vertical arrays of neurons that ...

1 Rado showed that a rational matrix is partition regular over N if and only if it satisfies the columns 2 condition. We investigate linear algebraic properties of the columns condition, especially for oriented 3 (vertex-arc) incidence matrices of directed graphs and for sign pattern matrices. It is established that 4 the oriented incidence matrix of a directed graph Γ has the columns condition...

The axial homogeneity of preparative-scale chromatography columns was studied by measuring the overall properties of similar columns differing only by their lengths. The properties investigated were the packing density, the external porosity, the permeability and the column efficiency. Two different materials were used, one made of large, irregular silica particles compressed under either high ...

The use of tRNA affinity columns for the purification of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases was investigated. A purification method for valyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus is described that uses two affinity columns, one containing the pure cognate tRNA, and the other containing all tRNA species except the cognate tRNA. A method for the rapid preparation of the two columns was develo...

Coupling capillary columns in gas chromatography (GC) is not an operation that is only relevant for the users of the most advanced capillary GC methods. Simple single-column separations can also benefit from a properly selected and installed pre-column. Pre-columns connected upstream of the main column can increase the life-time of the column, efficiently refocus the analyte bands to result in ...

Monolithic columns are gaining interest as excellent substitutes to conventional particle-packed columns. These columns show higher permeability and lower flow resistance than conventional liquid chromatography columns, providing high-throughput performance, resolution and separation in short run times. Monoliths possess also great potential for the clean-up and preparation of complex mixtures....

In the multi-agent systems setting, this paper addresses continuous-time distributed synchronization of columns of rotation matrices. More precisely, k specific columns shall be synchronized and only the corresponding k columns of the relative rotations between the agents are assumed to be available for the control design. When one specific column is considered, the problem is equivalent to syn...

An important application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is to provide confinement to reinforced concrete (RC) columns to enhance their loadcarrying capacity. However, this application is generally restricted to short columns as existing design guidelines do not contain provisions for the design of FRP jackets for slender columns. This situation has been due to both the scarcity of...

The potential for the transport of viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through soil to land drains and groundwater was studied using simulated rainfall and intact soil columns which were applied raw slurry or separated liquid slurry. Following irrigation and weekly samplings over a 4-week period, C. parvum oocysts were detected from all soil columns regardless of slurry type and application m...

Structural fuses, easily replaceable sacrificial elements to dissipate seismic energy while preventing damage to the gravity loadresisting structural system, are proposed as part of a multicolumn accelerated bridge construction (ABC) pier concept. Different types of structural fuses are investigated to compare the effect of each on ABC bridge bents. The piers of a three span-continuous bridge p...