A layer of carbohydrate material appears at the surface of a variety of mammalian cells (1) and is particularly abundant at free surfaces such as the striated border of the columnar cells of the intestine (2). In electron micrographs of intestinal cells, this material appears as a discrete coating covering the tips and sides of the microvilli (3). From the various histochemical tests applied (3...

The high-rate, high-capacity potential of LiFePO4-based lithium-ion battery cathodes has motivated numerous experimental and theoretical studies aiming to realize such performance through nano-sizing, tailoring of particle shape through synthesis conditions, and doping. Here, a granular mechanics study of microstructures formed by dense jammed packings of experimentally and theoretically inspir...

In the current study, behavior of crank-slider mechanism with single and multiple clearance joints are analyzed. Using Lankarani-Nikravesh theory for estimating discontinuous contact forces in clearance joints, relevant systems have been mathematically modeled. Through numerical simulations, perturbations in response of mechanisms with clearance joints have been analyzed. Effects of increasing ...

Reflux oesophagitis may be accompanied by replacement of squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium (Barrett's oesophagus). The columnar epithelium may resemble either gastric or intestinal mucosa, though ultrastructural and histochemical studies indicate that the intestinal type does not necessarily resemble normal small intestine. Twenty-two malignant and 10 benign oesophageal specimens were ...

In the visual cortex of mammals, information is processed by an array of columnar modules. The layout of these columns constitutes a complex spatial pattern, which is supposed to arise due to Hebb{type self{organization during early life. The layout of columnar patterns diiers strongly among species. Here we show that timing and dynamic rearrangement due to Hebb{type self{organization explains ...

2014 A Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian describing systems of disc-like molecules in the columnar phase is used to investigate the properties of the columnar-crystalline transition. Near the transition temperature in the columnar phase, the enhancement of the bend elastic constant is found by a perturbation calculation. The gauge coupling mechanism which leads to a first order transition in the case...

Cortical columnar architecture was discovered decades ago yet there is no agreed upon explanation for its function. Indeed, some have suggested that it has no function, it is simply an epiphenomenon of developmental processes. To investigate this problem we have constructed a computer model of one square millimeter of layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex (V1) of the cat. Model cells are conne...

Barrett's esophagus (BE) caused by gastroesophageal reflux is a major risk factor of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEA), an inflammation-related cancer. Chronic inflammation and following tissue damage may activate progenitor cells under reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-rich environment. We previously reported the formation of oxidative/nitrative stress-mediated mutagenic DNA lesions, 8-...

The main purpose of this study was to examine the normal postnatal development of ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey and to determine how this developmental process is influenced by monocular lid-suture. The physiological pattern of ocular dominance was studied in long, tangential electrode penetrations. For anatomical demonstration of the distribution of affer...

Current hypotheses describing the function of normal airway surface liquid (ASL) in lung defense are divergent. One theory predicts that normal airways regulate ASL volume by modulating the flow of isosmotic fluid across the epithelium, whereas an alternative theory predicts that ASL is normally hyposmotic. These hypotheses predict different values for the osmotic water permeability (P(f)) of a...