Appendix (Supplementary Material) Appendix A. Experimental quantification of the ratedependence of indentation hysteresis of individual chondrocytes Freshly isolated cells were probed with the nanosized and micron-sized tips at indentation rates of 200nm/s, 500nm/s, 1μm/s, 3μm/s, and 5μm/s. The area enclosed by the hysteresis loop (e.g., Fig. 6) is related to the strain energy dissipated during...

Omar Farhan Aljanaideh Concordia University, 2013 Smart material actuators are increasingly being explored for various micropositioning applications. Magnetostrictive actuators, in particular, are considered attractive for micro/nano positioning and high speed precision machining due to their high energy density, resolution and force capacity. The magnetostrictive actuators, similar to other sm...

When an elastomer approaches or retracts from adhesive indenter, the elastomer’s surface can suddenly become unstable and reshape itself quasi-discontinuously, e.g., when small-scale asperities jump into snap out of contact. Such dynamics lead to a hysteresis between approach retraction. In this study, we quantify numerically analytically ensuing unavoidable energy loss for rigid indenters with...

L OW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER airfoil aerodynamics is important for bothmilitary and civilian applications. The applications include propellers, sailplanes, ultralight man-carrying/man-powered aircraft, high-altitude vehicles, wind turbines, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and micro air vehicles (MAVs). For the applications just listed, the combination of small length scale and low flight velocities re...

We study dynamical hysteresis in a simple class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, namely first-order equations subject to sinusoidal forcing. The assumed nonlinearities are such that the area of the hysteresis loop vanishes as the forcing frequency tends to zero; in other words, there is no static hysteresis. Using regular and singular perturbation techniques, we derive the first te...