this research develops a two-level model based on hypotheses, which concern relationships among role ambiguity, role conflict, job involvement and salesperson performance at individual level and collective sale self efficacy, customer orientation and competitive climate at sale unit level in iranian food industry. data was drawn from 482 sales people in 30 companies , using a 51-item self-repor...

Non-profit organisations (NPOs) have increased in numbers and importance, providing support, services advocacy. However, who non-profits actually represent is still an open question. To provide empirical basis for scrutinising how the representational roles of autism advocacy NPOs change (or not) as they develop, this article we focus on case Alut – Israeli national association autism. Drawing ...

Collective motions are common in crowd systems and have attracted a great deal of attention in a variety of multidisciplinary fields [2]. Collectiveness, which indicates the degree of individuals acting as a union in collective motion, is a fundamental and universal measurement for various crowd systems. Quantitatively measuring this universal property and comparing it across different crowd sy...

We develop a theory of legislative representation in open and flexible list proportional rule electoral systems (OFPR). Our framework highlights how representatives’ desire to cultivate a personal vote may undermine or strengthen the pursuit of collective party goals. We show that whether collective and individual goals are in conflict depends on the flexibility of the list—the extent to which ...