Current standards of sputum examination in respiratory infections with opportunistic bacteria cannot be applied to patients with cystic fibrosis due to their particularities. In 2010, a working group from Great Britain established standards for microbiological processing of samples from patients with cystic fibrosis. Recommendations on sample collection, transportation, storage, and processing,...

This chapter reviews biologically inspired algorithms for solving a class of difficult combinatorial optimization problems known as vehicle routing problems, where least cost collection or delivery routes are designed to serve a set of customers in a transportation network. From a methodological standpoint, the review includes evolutionary algorithms, ant colony optimization, particle swarm opt...

The existence of a series of problems in transportation management of public and personal vehicles causes to consider intelligent transportation systems. Hence, here we investigate to introduce and the performance of intelligent transportation system ITS which is among new technologies in information technology and at last the importance and necessity of lack of delay in data and informat...

In The New Science of Cities , Michael Batty suggests that to understand cities we must view them not simply as places in space but as systems of networks and flows. Drawing on the complexity sciences, social physics, urban economics, transportation theory, regional science, and urban geography, and building on his own previous work, Batty seeks to introduce theories and methods that reveal the...

abstract minimizing service cost and adverse effects on environment and society are important in waste management. due to this, landfill and transfer station location become important. this article as a practical research uses analytical hierarchy process in multi criteria decision making considering environmental and social criteria in levels of benefit, opportunity, cost and risk (bocr) for p...

In the present paper, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for the identification of optimal routes in the case of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collection. The identification of a route for MSW collection trucks is critical since it has been estimated that, of the total amount of money spent for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste, approximately 60-80% is spent on the colle...

Background and Purpose: Floating on water provides the opportunity for the elderly to exercise and take positions that may not be possible for them on the ground. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of elderly women regarding barriers to hydrotherapy and how they can be ruled out. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using content analysis method in Guilan, north of I...

transportation industry is the most dynamic components of any society. in the twenty-first century, with the growth of technology and the widespread use of the internet and the emergence of e-commerce and e-business interaction and active transportation industry deserves to have a wide range of electronic services to the transportation community to take advantage of the investors of the new and...