Aircraft and airborne cloud radar data are used to describe the vertical structure of the convective boundary layer (CBL) during cold-air outbreaks over Lake Michigan in January 2004. Two days with mesoscale cloud street structure and a day with cellular organization are contrasted. The radar reflectivity and vertical velocity structure of the CBL, as well as the radar-inferred topography of th...

In laser cladding, a material, usually in the form of powder, is deposited on a substrate. Powder particles are intermingled with inert gas and fed by a powder feeder system on the substrate. Laser is employed to melt the additive material and a small layer of surface of the substrate simultaneously. While the powder is being deposited, the laser melts the powder particles and the melted powder...

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, propagation loss reduction via graded-index (GRIN) cladding layers in high-index-contrast (HIC) glass waveguides. We show that scattering loss arising from sidewall roughness can be significantly reduced without compromising the high-index-contrast condition, by inserting thin GRIN cladding layers with refractive indices intermediate between th...

We propose a cladding engineering method that flexibly modifies the radiation patterns and rates of metal-clad nanoscale optical cavity. Optimally adjusting the cladding symmetry of the metal-clad nanoscale optical cavity modifies the modal symmetry and produces highly directional radiation that leads to 90% coupling efficiency into an integrated waveguide. In addition, the radiation rate of th...

A refractive index (RI) sensor based on a novel fiber structure that consists of a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure followed by a fiber Bragg grating was demonstrated. The multimode fiber in the SMS structure excites cladding modes within output single-mode fiber (SMF) and recouple the reflected cladding Bragg wavelength to the input SMF core. By measuring the relative Br...

In this paper, the effects of roll center height of McPherson suspension mechanism on dynamic behaviour of a vehicle are first studied, and then the optimum location of roll center of this suspension system is determined for a conceptual Class A vehicle. ADAMS/Car software was used for the analysis of vehicle dynamic behaviour in different positions of suspension roll center. Next, optimization...

Lightweight design using high‐strength aluminum alloys has gained importance due to the continuing need for weight reduction and increasing crash safety requirements in automotive industry. There are various manufacturing processes available processing alloys. Herein, production of parts by roll forming stamping based on example an AA7075‐T6 hat profile is compared. Roll represents a continuous...

The continuous roll casting process (CRC), consisting of continuous strip casting between rolls, is now well known. It was introduced by the SCAL Company (Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Group) 60 years ago 1 . The process consists of solidifying aluminum or aluminum alloys between the water-cooled rolls of a duo rolling mill. From the moment when solidification is completed to the moment when the stri...