for superficial lesions, the electrons may be used for radiation therapy. the high energy photons and electrons are produced by a linear accelerator (linac).   many of electron fields need the shielding of normal or critical organs. the electron shields are usually lead slabs with few millimeter thickness which should be placed near the skin, less than 1 centimeter away from skin. in the inspec...

from the ancient times up to this date, it has been thought that religion and spirituality have important effects on human being's mental life. however, some psychologists and psychotherapists have ignored this role, and thus neglected to study the effects of applying religion and spirituality in psychotherapy. however, many psychologists and psychotherapists have recently studied the relations...

how to cite this article: alaee mr. mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. iran j child neurol autumn 2012; 6:4(suppl. 1):5. pls see  pdf.

background: because of the ability of proliferation, regeneration, conversion to differentiated cells and tissue producing, stem cell therapy has important clinical implications for treatment of different diseases. in this chapter we discuss different kinds of stem cells that have been used in treatment of neurologic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, heart diseases, bone disease, kidney dise...

background: initial studies have shown that low-energy ultrasound stimulates living tissue cells to reduce regeneration or speed up their recovery. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various ultrasound parameters on the speed of recovery in injured sciatic nerves. methods: nmri mice (n = 200) with injured left paw, caused by crushing their sciatic nerves, were randomly sele...

conservation of deciduous teeth with pulp alterations caused by caries or trauma is a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric dentistry. it is essential that the sanitizers used in root canal procedures perform well in eliminating bacteria. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (pdt) is an emerging and promising adjuvant therapy for endodontic treatment in an attempt to eliminate microorganisms p...

several methods have been employed for cancer treatment including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. today, recent advances in medical science and development of new technologies, have led to the introduction of new methods such as hormone therapy, photodynamic therapy (pdt), treatments using nanoparticles and eventually combinations of lasers and nanoparticles. the unique features of...

background: pregnant women with insecure attachment style are at high risk of psychiatric disorders. since emotions are the first coordinators of attachment behavior, emotion regulation training can alter maternal attachment style. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of emotion regulation training on the attachment styles of primiparous pregnant women with insecure attachment style....

conclusions transdermal wound oxygen therapy can effectively promote wound healing in patients with pressure ulcers. results after 12 days of wound oxygen therapy, the number of patients with complete wound healing in the experimental group was significantly greater than that of the control group. moreover, the total mean of wound area in the experimental group was significantly lower than that...

objective: this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on decreasing depression in women with breast cancer. a single-case design was employed in this research.  methods: an ab form of single-subject experimental design was used in this study with 3 baselines (every 10 days) before intervention stage and two measurements during intervention stage and one follow-up (af...