The formation of an obstructive thrombus within artery remains a major cause mortality and morbidity worldwide. [1] Despite effective inhibition platelet function by modern antiplatelet therapies, these agents fail to fully eliminate atherothrombotic risk. This may well be related extensive vascular disease, beyond the protective abilities treatment used. However, recent evidence suggests that ...

The evidence demonstrating excessive proteinase activity in states of shock is reviewed. The capacity of extrinsic inhibitors to control such activity is indicated and the literature showing the value of inhibitors in treating shock is summarized. Three principles to be observed in the use of exogenous inhibitors are proposed. PROTEINASE is the generic term for proteolytic enzymes. Proteolysis ...

Recently, storage of thawed plasma for up to 7 days was discussed as a potential solution to eliminate time loss for thawing in the supply of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) in bleeding emergencies. The objective of our study was to assess the quality and haemostatic potency of thawed FFP units during long-term storage at either +4°C or room temperature. A substantial reduction of activities of sever...

This is a very short review on quantitative coagulation factor assays for the beginner. For systematic training several excellent textbooks in German language are available. Quantitative functional assays of coagulation factors and of physiological inhibitor proteins are based on the principle of parallel-line or slope ratio bioassays. With the modern analyzers the test procedure follows the ex...

Enzymes involved in the coagulation process have received great attention as potential targets for the development of oral anti-coagulants. Among these enzymes, coagulation factor Xa (FXa) has remained the center of attention in the last decade. In this study, 16 ginsenosides and two sapogenins were isolated, identified and quantified. To determine the inhibitory potential on FXa, the chromogen...

Heparins and vitamin K antagonists have been the cornerstones of anticoagulation therapy for several decades. Although they are very effective at inhibiting the coagulation process, they have several practical limitations. This was a challenge for the development of therapies that will overcome these drawbacks while matching the efficacy of the two classes of anticoagulants. Advances were achie...

  Background: Factor VII concentrates are used in patients with congenital or acquired factor VII deficiency or treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitors. In this research, immunoaffinity chromatography was used to purify factor VII from prothrombin complex (Prothrombin-Proconvertin-Stuart Factor-Antihemophilic Factor B or PPSB) which contains coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X. The a...

In trauma associated coagulopathy, the initial treatment consists of hypothermia and acidosis have to be treated aggressively. Already in in the emergency room, fibrinogen deficiency can be detected frequently, in addition, colloids interfere with fibrin polymerisation. Under these aspects, the early administration of fibrinogen seems to be justified. Depleted coagulation factors can be substit...

New oral anticoagulants used as single target inhibitors of coagulation enzymes have been developed and tested in extensive trial programmes. Results of most of these trials showed non-inferior and/or superior efficacy and safety compared to standard treatment with LMWH or VKA. These results led to registration of these agents for the prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis, as well as stroke pr...

In chronic renal failure and after acute renal failure, fibrinogen levels are raised and there is diminished fibrinolysis as the result of renal damage. A similar situation is found in nephrosis, possibly due to fibrinolytic inhibitors. Increased levels of cryofibrinogen were found in one quarter of cases of acute nephritis, nephrosis, and acute and chronic renal failure. In addition, after acu...