The solar-driven electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels and chemicals provides a promising way for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. However, the lack of selective and Earth-abundant catalysts able to achieve the desired transformation reactions in an aqueous matrix presents a substantial impediment as of today. Here we introduce atomic layer deposition of SnO2 on CuO nanowires as a me...

Favoring the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over the hydrogen evolution reaction and controlling the selectivity towards multicarbon products are currently major scientific challenges in sustainable energy research. It is known that the morphology of the catalyst can modulate catalytic activity and selectivity, yet this remains a relatively underexplored area in electrochemical CO2 reduction. H...

The dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) integrates high bandgap, nanoparticle oxide semiconductors with the light-absorbing and catalytic properties of designed chromophore-catalyst assemblies. The goals are photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of CO2 by water to give oxygen and carbon-based fuels. Solar-driven water oxidation occurs at a pho...

Efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change have led research and industry groups to explore ways of applying existing technologies and practices to the challenge of reducing CO2 emissions. The storage of CO2 in underground geologic reservoirs is one such idea that employs techniques developed for oil and gas production and transmission. For example, CO2 has been injected into petroleum r...

Heterogeneous small-cell networks (HetSNets) are considered as a standard part of the future mobile networks in which multiple low-power, low-cost user deployed base stations complement the existing macrocell infrastructure. This paper proposes an energy efficient deployment of the small-cells where the small-cell base stations are arranged around the edge of the reference macrocell and the dep...

Heterogeneous small-cell networks (HetSNets) are considered as a standard part of the future mobile networks in which multiple low-power, low-cost user deployed base stations complement the existing macrocell infrastructure. This paper proposes an energy efficient deployment of the small-cells where the small-cell base stations are arranged around the edge of the reference macrocell and the dep...

The chemical complexity of non-equilibrium plasmas poses a challenge for plasma modeling because of the computational load. This paper presents a dimension reduction method for such chemically complex plasmas based on principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used to identify a low-dimensional manifold in chemical state space that is described by a small number of parameters: the principal com...

A seemingly catalytically inactive electrode, boron-doped diamond (BDD), is found to be active for CO2 and CO reduction to formaldehyde and even methane. At very cathodic potentials, formic acid and methanol are formed as well. However, these products are the result of base-catalyzed Cannizzaro-type disproportionation reactions. A local alkaline environment near the electrode surface, caused by...

Nearly four years have passed since COP3 or the Kyoto Conference was held in December 1997. At the Kyoto Conference, the developed countries, for the first time approved the resolution to set up timetable and quantitative targets to reduce emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). On the road towards the Kyoto, there were intense debates over how much reduction would be possible. The AOSIS or the All...

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the mediation of cerebrovascular CO2 responsiveness was studied in 10 distinct brain and spinal cord regions of the anesthetized, ventilated, temperature-controlled, normoxic cat. Regional CBF was measured with 15-micron radiolabeled microspheres in hypocapnic, normocapnic, and hypercapnic conditions. CO2 responsiveness of each region was determined from the equ...