A new method for retrieving cloud optical depth from ground-based measurements of zenith radiance in the red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions is introduced. Because zenith radiance does not have a oneto-one relationship with optical depth, it is absolutely impossible to use a monochromatic retrieval. On the other side, algebraic combinations of spectral radiances, such as normaliz...

In the Cerrado-Amazonian ecotone in State of Mato Grosso, intensely altered by anthropic action, knowledge and processes energy conversion balance are still incipient, making monitoring modeling diffuse radiation essential for several applications. The objective this study was to evaluate seasonality diurnal evolution estimate hourly (Hdh) incident horizontal plane between June 2011 October 201...

A method for estimating the cloud adjacency effect on reflectance of ground surface areas reconstructed from passive satellite observations through gaps in fields is proposed. The allows one to estimate which can be considered small (the increment ?rsurf? 0.005). algorithm based statistical simulation by Monte Carlo radiation transfer stochastic broken cloudiness with a deterministic cylindrica...

Abstract. Spaceborne observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) with the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite provide a comprehensive picture occurrence Arctic Antarctic PSCs as well their microphysical properties. However, advances in understanding PSC microphysics also require measurements g...

Abstract The summer climate in Maritime Antarctica is characterised by high humidity and cloudiness with slightly above zero temperatures. Under such conditions, photosynthetic activity temperature-limited plant communities are formed a few species. These conditions could prevent the operation of photoprotective xanthophyll (VAZ) cycle as low irradiance reduces excess energy temperatures limit ...

$EVWUDFW The work is devoted to an application of artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) and conditional stochastic simulations to electricity load forecasting in Russia. One of the problems is missing data and some important weather parameters (wind, cloudiness, precipitation, historical information). This gives rise to rather large forecasting errors with complex statistical struct...

Does current utility bias predictions of future utility for high stakes decisions? Here I provide field evidence consistent with such Projection Bias in one of life’s most thought-about decisions: college enrolment. After arguing and documenting with survey evidence that cloudiness increases the appeal of academic activities, I analyse the enrolment decisions of 1,284 prospective students who v...

Large-scale nonlinear simulations of Jupiter's 5-micron hot spots produce long-lived coherent structures that cause subsidence in local regions, explaining the low cloudiness and the dryness measured by the Galileo probe inside a hot spot. Like observed hot spots, the simulated coherent structures are equatorially confined, have periodic spacing, propagate west relative to the flow, are general...