This paper concerns the filtering problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems where the drift term may depend either on some external function (open-loop system) or on the system output (closed-loop system), through a controller. Such systems are denoted feedback systems. The following result is proven: for feedback systems, the optimal filter in the open-loop case remains optimal when ...

Small fluctuations caused by random changes of loads exist continuously in power grids, which are called ambient signals. Using time-synchronized phasor measurements, the closedloop identification of power system based on ambient data is discussed, which can reflect accurate operating conditions currently and provide critical information for system analyzing and controller designing. The closed...

The target-controlled infusion (TCI) technique has been successfully and commercially used in clinical general anaesthesia with the intravenous anaesthetic agent propofol. The technique is based on a population pharmacokinetic model and is an open-loop control system. Closed-loop control requires a reliable and consistent signal for feedback utilisation. With all anaesthetic agents the somatose...

OBJECTIVE Closed-loop insulin delivery offers a promising treatment option, but to date, it has only been evaluated in type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of fully closed-loop subcutaneous insulin delivery in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve subjects (seven males, age 57.2 years, BMI 30.5 kg/m2) with noninsulin-treated type 2...

The level of glucose control in the human body is very important, because increase in glucose level in diabetic patients for long time causes blindness and cardiovascular problem. In this paper, closed loop insulin system for diabetic patients is proposed to regulate the blood glucose level. Hence, continuous monitoring and control of glucose level is necessary for Type 1 diabetes patients. In ...

In this paper, a chattering-free sliding-mode control is mainly proposed in a second-order discrete-time system. For achieving this purpose, firstly, a suitable control law would be derived by using the discrete-time Lyapunov stability theory and the sliding-mode concept. Then the input constraint is taken into account as a saturation function in the proposed control law. In order to guarantee ...

Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS): DBS has been established as a surgical therapy for movement disorders and select neuropsychiatric disorders. Various efforts to improve the clinical outcomes of the procedure have been previously made. Several factors affect the DBS clinical outcomes such as lead position, programming technique, and surgical complications (Morishita et al., 2010). Curre...

design of a logistics network in proper way provides a proper platform for efficient and effective supply chain management. this paper studies a multi-period, multi echelon and multi-product integrated forward-reverse logistics network under uncertainty. first, an efficient complex mixed-integer linear programming (milp) model by considering some real-world assumptions is developed for the inte...

in this research, we address the application of uncertaintyprogramming to design a multi-site, multi-product, multi-period,closed-loop supply chain (clsc) network. in order to make theresults of this article more realistic, a clsc for a case study inthe iron and steel industry has been explored. the presentedsupply chain covers three objective functions: maximization ofprofit, minimization of n...