575 IntroductIon Anti-epileptic medications can be divided into two major groups. The traditional antiepileptic drugs, which were released for use prior to 1978, are Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Primidone, Clonazepam, Ethosuximide, Carbamazapine and Valproate. There was a 15-year period from 1978 to 1993, when no new antiseizure drug was approved for use. Since 1993, an additional eight new anti-e...

Hippocampal afterdischarges (ADs) are considered to be a model of complex partial seizures. To study the pharmacology of these ADs, stimulation electrodes were implanted into the dorsal hippocampus of 33 male Wistar rats. Stimulation (15-s series of monophasic rectangular pulses with a duration of 1 ms and frequency of 8 Hz) was applied four times with interstimulation intervals of 15 min. Drug...

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of agmatine (an endogenous neuromodulator/neurotransmitter in the brain) on the protective action of numerous classical and second-generation antiepileptic drugs (clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, phenobarbital, tiagabine, vigabatrin, and valproate) in the mouse pentetrazole-induced clonic seizure model. The results indicate that agmatine (u...

The effects of naloxone and picrotoxin were determined alone and in conjunction with pentobarbital, diazepam or clonazepam, in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30-response, fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food presentation. Naloxone (10.0-80.0 mg/kg i.m.) and picrotoxin (0.1-0.56 mg/kg i.m.) alone produced only dose-related decreases in responding in both fixed-ratio and fixed-i...

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of involuntary eating during sleep period and is often associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Although pharmacotherapy is recommended for SRED patients, no drug have shown promising effects so far. The patient, a 48-year-old Japanese housewife, first visited our clinic and complained about nighttime eating. She h...

This study explored the affect expression and self-regulation capacities of 8-month-old infants exposed in utero to psychotropic medications. This was a continuation of our previous study conducted on the same cohort when the infants were 3 months old. Psychotropics implicated included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and a benzodiazepine derivative anxiolytic (clonazepam). The ...

OBJECTIVE the aim of this study is to investigate the clinical evolution, the spontaneous remission of the symptomatology and the response to different treatments in a group of burning mouth syndrome patients. STUDY DESIGN the sample was formed by a group of patients that were visited in the Unit of Oral Medicine of the Dentistry Clinic of the University of Barcelona, from the year 2000 to 20...

We report a newborn with exaggerated startle reactions and stiffness of neonatal onset, the prototypical signs of hyperekplexia. Startle and flexor spasms, leading to apnoea, did not respond to treatment with clonazepam but did partially to sodium valproate. Molecular analysis of GLRA1 revealed no mutations. The incidental finding of hypouricemia led to a work-up for molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used as an i.v. sedative and anticonvulsant. Besides interacting with the benzodiazepine site associated with GABA(A) receptors, some benzodiazepines act as agonists of translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) to enhance the synthesis of steroids, including neurosteroids with positive modulatory actions on GABA(A) rece...