Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a micro-vascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) that manifests clinically as retinal ischemia, neovascularization, altered permeability, and macular edema. In the adult population, DR now considered leading cause blindness. Fetuin-A multifunctional glycoprotein that, because its dual role in insulin resistance angiogenesis, could be an ear...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effectiveness and benefits of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA.) in its clinically relevant applications. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 88 eyes of 86 patients with macular edema of > 300 μm measured by optical coherence tomography (Cirrus Zeiss, Dublin, CA, USA) were included in this two-year retrospective study, with a ...

PURPOSE To determine the safety and efficacy of topical nepafenac 0.1% in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. METHODS A consecutive case series was performed of patients treated with nepafenac monotherapy twice daily for diabetic macular edema. Visual acuities (VA) at baseline and final visit were recorded. Foveal thickness, based on optical coherence tomography, was also recorded. RES...

A 59-year-old patient with bilateral worsening diabetic macular edema received intravitreal injection of aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) to the left eye only. On 1-month follow-up, there was noted bilateral improvement of visual acuity and diabetic macular edema on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging, reflecting bilateral effect of unilateral treatment with aflibe...

A 60-year-old man with neovascular glaucoma due to diabetic retinopathy received an intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab (IVB) followed by extensive panretinal photocoagulation in the right eye. The anterior segment neovascularization regressed within 10 days after IVB. One and a half months later, the patient underwent gastrectomy for stage IIIb gastric cancer. Two months later, he wa...

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) in the glycemic control of patients with diabetic macular edema. Methods: Ten patients with diabetic macular edema received an intravitreal injection (IVI) of dexamethasone implant (DEX implant, Ozurdex®). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) is analyzed before and three months after IVI. The real-time glycemic readings ar...

PURPOSE To evaluate choroidal thickness in diabetes patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS We examined 203 eyes of 203 diabetic participants and 48 eyes of 48 healthy controls. The choroidal thickness at the foveal lesion was measured by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography. The participants were grouped according to diabetic retinopathy grade: no ...

PURPOSE To assess agreement between evaluations of monoscopic and stereoscopic digital images versus stereo film photographs in diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS A 152-eye group of digital monoscopic macular images (seven-field sets and wide-angle mosaics) were compared with digital stereoscopic images (uncompressed and compressed seven-field sets) and stereo 35-mm film photos (Early Trea...

PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of posterior sub-Tenon's infusion (STi) and intravitreal injection (IVI) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for treatment of refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS Thirty-six phakic diabetic patients with refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema were prospectively enrolled. Patients randomly received either 40 mg STi or 4 mg IVI of TA. Comprehens...

Type 1 diabetes can reduce vision by affecting various parts of the eye. Proactive, in‐ terdisciplinary coordination of treatment and timely referrals can aid in the minimiza‐ tion of visually threatening complications, significantly enhancing patient quality of life. The main causes of visual impairment in diabetes are proliferative diabetic retin‐ opathy and macular edema. Until recently, the...