Jeong Ah Kim, BinGu Shim, SunTae Kim, JaeHoon Lee, InSook Cho, Yoon Kim Kandong University, Computer Education Department, [email protected], Seogang University, Computer Engineering Dept, KOREA [email protected],[email protected] 3 Ajou University, Industrial Engineering Department, [email protected], Inha University, Nursing Department, [email protected], Seoul National University, Medic...

Tacrolimus (Tac) exhibits an interindividual pharmacokinetic variability that affects the dose required to reach the target concentration in blood. Tac is metabolized by two enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4. The effect of the CYP3A5 genotype on Tac bioavailability has been demonstrated, and the main determinant of this pharmacogenetic effect is a single-nucleotide polymo...

In this edition of Cephalalgia, Dr Holland and colleagues report the very interesting findings from a series of in vivo cat and rodent experiments aimed at identifying potential therapeutic targets for the modulation of cortical spreading depression (CSD). Over the past two decades, a series of functional neuroimaging studies performed in human migraineurs during acute aura (1–4) have linked CS...

The metabolism of cancer cells differs from most normal cells, but how to exploit this difference for patient benefit is incompletely understood. Cancer cells require altered metabolism to efficiently incorporate nutrients into biomass and support abnormal proliferation. In addition, the survival of tumor cells outside of a normal tissue context requires adaptation of metabolism to different mi...

The liver is the central detoxifying organ, continuously removing xenobiotics from the vascular system. Given its role in drug metabolism, a functional understanding of liver physiology is crucial to optimizing drug efficacy and patient safety. The Virtual Liver Network (VLN), a German national flagship research program, focuses on producing validated computer models of human liver physiology. ...

Macroscopic optical imaging has rather humble technical origins; it has been mostly implemented by photographic means using appropriate filters, a light source and a camera yielding images of tissues. This approach relates to human vision and perception, and is simple to implement and use. Therefore, it has found wide acceptance, especially in recording fluorescence and bioluminescence signals....

While professionally trained medical interpreters remain the criterion standard for interpretation in clinical practice,1 they are often not available in community-based practices. For this reason, physicians are beginning to turn to machine translation to supplement their communication. Originally developed to facilitate simple text-to-text translations, machine translation has evolved in rece...

Ultrasound is a widely available, cost-effective, real-time, non-invasive and safe imaging modality widely used in the clinic for anatomical and functional imaging. With the introduction of novel molecularly-targeted ultrasound contrast agents, another dimension of ultrasound has become a reality: diagnosing and monitoring pathological processes at the molecular level. Most commonly used ultras...

Radioactive imaging agents, like diagnostic drugs generally, undergo a drug development process that parallels that of therapeutic agents, with similar development times but substantially lower development costs and substantially smaller postapproval markets. Although rapid advances in genetic and expression profiling are furthering the development of expensive pharmacotherapies targeted to sma...

Myocardial conditioning is an endogenous cardioprotective phenomenon that profoundly limits infarct size in experimental models. The current challenge is to translate this paradigm from the laboratory to the clinic. Accordingly, our goal in this review is to provide a critical summary of the progress toward, opportunities for, and caveats to, the successful clinical translation of postcondition...