A frequently cited atmospheric CO2 threshold for the onset of Antarctic glaciation of ∼ 780 ppmv is based on the study of DeConto and Pollard (2003) using an ice sheet model and the GENESIS climate model. Proxy records suggest that atmospheric CO2 concentrations passed through this threshold across the Eocene–Oligocene transition ∼ 34 Ma. However, atmospheric CO2 concentrations may have been cl...

Climate is complex ecological factor described by different climate elements and phenomena that effect development of vegetation and its natural distribution. Climate elements the most important for vegetation are air temperatures, amount of precipitations, air humidity and wind. The aim of this research was to determine trends and changes of climate elements in the region of Mediterranean Croa...

Introduction Global climate is a result of the complex interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere (ice), hydrosphere (oceans), lithosphere (land), and biosphere (life), fueled by the non-uniform spatial distribution of incoming solar radiation. We know from climate reconstructions using recorders such as ice cores, ocean and lake sediment cores, tree rings, corals, cave deposits, and groun...

over the coming decades, global change will have an impact on food and water security and there are strong indications that developing countries will bear the brunt of adverse consequences from climate change. agricultural sector is the most vulnerable to climate change, because of its dependence on water and temperature conditions. consequently, it is important to understand the impacts of cli...

One of the major issues of increasing agricultural production, is adaptation of technology to specific climatic variables in cultivated areas. Knowing the weather and climatic condition and periodic yearly and multi-year changes of meteorological phenomena and deviations from normal values ​​are of major requirements of modern agriculture. In this study, daily, monthly and annual weather data o...

One of the major issues of increasing agricultural production, is adaptation of technology to specific climatic variables in cultivated areas. Knowing the weather and climatic condition and periodic yearly and multi-year changes of meteorological phenomena and deviations from normal values ​​are of major requirements of modern agriculture. In this study, daily, monthly and annual weather data o...

Past and present climate has shaped the valued ecosystems currently protected in parks and reserves, but future climate change will redefine these conditions. Continued conservation as climate changes will require thinking differently about resource management than we have in the past; we present some logical steps and tools for doing so. Three critical tenets underpin future management plans a...

this survey was aimed at detecting histological and histometrical changes of common carp ovaries in khouzestan province climate conditions. the goal was to determine the ovarian status in the breeding period of the reproductive cycle. ovaries of 49 common carp brooders were collected from april to october, 2010. the samples were taken from the anterior, median and posterior portions. 5-6µ secti...

climate is one of the most important factors that influence the quality and quantity of crops. understanding the natural features of any region, especially about the climate, can play a major role in making plans and land use planning. sugar beet, is one of the major industrial plants, that in addition to producing one of the most fundamental basic needs of society, namely sugar, it can have ot...