After 50 years the connections between fresh water pipes (800-1000mm diameter) need to be repaired due to aging and dissolution of the filling material. Only in Vienna 3000km of pipes need to be improved, which requires a robotic solution. The main challenge is to accurate place the robot in the center of the pipe while overcoming the push back forces and vibrations caused in the cleaning proce...

Floor cleaning is a typical mobile robot application. Most commercial cleaning mobile robots designed for domestic applications use random path-planning algorithms and very few sensors and the critical problem is to decide when the cleaning is already finished or the coverage completed. In this work, we have simulated and modeled the evolution of the area cleaned by the robot and demonstrate it...

The present study assessed the effect of ultrasonic and acid cleaning on resin cement bonding to CAD/CAM resin blocks. One of two resin cements, PANAVIA V5 (PV5) or PANAVIA SA CEMENT HANDMIX (PSA), were bonded to one of 24 CAD/CAM blocks (KATANA AVENCIA BLOCK). Each cement group was divided into four subgroups: no cleaning (Ctl), ultrasonic cleaning (Uc), acid cleaning (Ac) and Uc+Ac. Micro-ten...

BACKGROUND A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between exposure to cleaning products with asthma and other respiratory disorders. Thus far, these studies have conducted only limited quantitative exposure assessments. Exposures from cleaning products are difficult to measure because they are complex mixtures of chemicals with a range of physicochemical properties, th...

commercial detergents, in spite of their various names and marks, are used to remove foreign matter (dirt) from substrate. following removal of dirt from the surface, it is necessary to prevent redeposition, so the detergent must have supending power. in this experimental work, a simple method has been developed to evaluate the cleaning power of commercial detergents. the method, showing the ch...

wheat is one of the most important food staff in consumption pattern of each country. more than 50 percent of energy is provided by bread in the developing countries. the aim of this study was measuring wheat losses during pre-harvest and harvest stages in chaharmahal and bakhtiari province of iran in year 2013. wheat losses at harvest stages were measured to wheat varieties in 2 levels of omid...

Background: Food borne illnesses and food poisoning are cause for concern globally. The diseases are often caused by food contamination with pathogenic bacteria due largely to poor sanitary habits or storage conditions. Objectives: Prevalence of some bacteria on cleaned and sanitised food contact surfaces from eight convenience food plants in Gauteng (South Africa) was investigated with the vie...

BACKGROUND Airway suctioning in mechanically ventilated patients is required to maintain airway patency. Closed suction catheters (CSCs) minimize lung volume loss during suctioning but require cleaning post-suction. Despite their widespread use, there is no published evidence examining lung volumes during CSC cleaning. The study objectives were to quantify lung volume changes during CSC cleanin...