Abstract Semiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials technologies. For example, semiconductor membranes heterostructure fuel cells are new technological trend, which differ from traditional cell principle employing three basic functional components: anode, electrolyte, cathode. The electrolyte is key de...

the relationship between trade liberalisation and the environment has been the subject of a growing body of literature in recent years. as can be seen from the differing assessment of instrument types for environmental protection, one of the important factors for the relationship between environmental protection and economic competitiveness are regulatory stringency and efficiency. this concern...

As the availability of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment receive ever increasing attention, there is a global push towards the development of energy systems that make use of alternative forms of chemical energy. Of the many interesting possibilities, the hydrogen molecule holds a place of particular prominence due to its very clean combustion. In the proposed Hydrogen Economy, th...