The present exploratory mixed methods study aimedto develop a scale for assessing critical thinking (CT) ability of Iranian EFL learners. The study wasconducted in three phases. In phase one, the features of CT components were examined in the writingsof 120 participants. A holistic and an analytic scale were developed based on their performance in exploiting the components of CT and the fea...

Abstract Causal inference has attracted enormous attention in clinical neuroscience over the past years. The correct communication and interpretation of causal claims is crucial for researchers. In this review, we briefly introduced statistical basis terms potential outcome framework distinguished different interpretations experimental observational studies. Based on recent efforts formulating ...

introduction: it has been experienced that performance improvement and promotion of human resources as the most valuable assets of an organization has the most vital role in its success. the aim of this study was measuring impression of achieve (ability and skill, clarity, help, incentive, evaluation, validity, environment) model on functional promotion of staff. methods: it was a descriptive s...

Earlier analyses of valley networks on Mars often concluded that they were poorly integrated, immature drainage systems. Consequently, surface runoff from precipitation was generally thought to be an unimportant geomorphic process. Combination of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) imaging and altimetry data sets, however, provides a vast improvement in image clarity and resolution. Although we have use...

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of internal control system, budget target clarity delegation authority on government managerial performance uses primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. The respondents in this were several staff employees at Governor's office South Sulawesi Province. number samples 64 respondents. Analysis research using multiple linear regres...