An introduction and step-by-step guide to the calculation of branch support (BS) and partitioned branch support (PBS) is provided, along with a new summary measure of conflict among data partitions, the partition congruence index (PCI). Patterns of PCI vs. BS are compared for two data matrices from butterflies. PCI is a close mirror of BS unless BY is relatively low and there is a lot of confli...

the experiment in this study was conducted as a completely randomized block design with ten treatments and four replications. treatments included: to- control, t1- 50g of zn per tree as broadcast application, t2-100g zn per tree, broadcast application, t3- 200g zn per tree as broadcast application, t4- 50 g zn per tree as band application, t5- 50g zn per tree, band application, t6-100g zn per t...

Binary trees are essential structures in Computer Science. The leaf (leaves) of a binary tree is one of the most significant aspects of it. In this study, we prove that the order of a leaf (leaves) of a binary tree is the same in the main tree traversals; preorder, inorder, and postorder. Then, we prove that given the preorder and postorder traversals of a binary tree, the leaf (leaves) of a bi...

Cladograms are dendrograms (tree-shaped diagrams) of proteins that are easily constructed by automated tools using phylogenetic techniques such as the tool ClustalW. Cladograms correspond to evolutionary relationships, but they are not easily projected onto actual consensus taxonomies. This paper describes T-Tree, an original application that maps bioinformatic-tool generated phylogenetic clado...

It is well-known that, given inorder traversal along with one of the preorder or postorder traversals of a binary tree, the tree can be determined uniquely. Several algorithms have been proposed to reconstruct a binary tree from its inorder and preorder traversals. There is one study to reconstruct a binary tree from its inorder and postorder traversals, and this algorithm takes running time of...

the traditional event tree analysis uses a single probability to represent each top event. however, it is unrealistic to evaluate the occurrence of each event by using a crisp value without considering the inherent uncertainty and imprecision a state has. the fuzzy set theory is universally applied to deal with this kind of phenomena. the main purpose of this study is to construct an easy metho...

This research investigates the use of genetic algorithms (GA's) to solve problems from cladistics | a technique used by biologists to hypothesize the evolutionary relationships between organisms. Since exhaustive search is not practical in this domain, typical cladis-tics software packages use heuristic search methods to navigate through the space of possible trees in an attempt to nd one or mo...

A geotechnical evaluation of some soils in Numan, Adamawa, North –East, Nigeria has been carried out. This was done to determine the suitability of the soils for use as subgrade/filling, sub-base and base course materials for road construction. The samples were collected from five different areas, at surface and sub-surface levels. The areas are New Demsa, Farei, Dowaya, Numan Town and Imbru. T...