Systematic observance of infection control principles in surgery, whether conducted on an inpatient or outpatient basis, is an indispensable precondition for quality management. In Germany, the introduction of the Protection against Infection Act (IfSG) on 1 January 2001 represented a milestone for regulation of the framework conditions in outpatient surgery. Once again, infection control issue...

in the civil procedure act, local inquiry is explained in a chapter separate from testimony, but for similarity of these two proofs, connection of them and criterion of separating them is disputable. in this article, we will study in one portion the role of witness and testimony conditions and in other portion, the role of number, sexuality, locality and ceremonies in separating of these proofs...

The civil False Claims Act (FCA) imposes harsh penalties against parties who misappropriate federal funds. The statute's qui tam whistle-blower provisions create strong financial incentives for private individuals to bring and pursue FCA cases against health providers on the government's behalf--even where government attorneys decline to intervene. FCA cases where the government declined to int...

In Black and Blue, Paul Frymer describes how the American State’s fragmented labor policy in the mid 20th century caused the labor movement to clash with the civil rights movement, resulting in the integration of labor unions via financially crippling litigation and organized labor’s permanent decline. Specifically, the Wagner Act of 1935 authorized workers to elect their own unions representat...

imam mohammed bin idris al- shafe‘i has had plenty of poetical talent and an extensive literal knowledge. it seems that his literal aspect has not taken into account much compared to other aspects of his personality. whatever exists are testimony by some of the pioneers in the fields of knowledge and literature confirming his erudition in poetry and literature. after introducing the poetical an...