The cyber-physical nature of the smart grid has rendered it vulnerable to a multitude of attacks that can occur at its communication, networking, and physical entry points. Such cyber-physical attacks can have detrimental effects on the operation of the grid as exemplified by the recent attack which caused a blackout of the Ukranian power grid. Thus, to properly secure the smart grid, it is of ...

The city of Tehran undergoes an increasing growth in population as well as industrial activities, both of which increase the concentration of air pollutants. The current research tries to turn a limited and focused system of air contamination measurement and control to an unlimited and extensive one that examines the concentration of each of the contaminants in any area of Tehran. Accordingly, ...

introduction: in recent years spatial justice has gained special importance among planners and geographers. since the urban public services form the structure, shape and the nature of the physical, social and urban space, inequities in their distribution cause irreversible negative effects on the structure and the nature of city and social segregation of the people, and serious challenges in th...

A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in terms of Arias intensity is presented for the city of Tehran. Tehran is the capital and the most populated city of Iran. From economical, political and social points of view, Tehran is the most significant city of Iran. Many destructive earthquakes happened in Iran in the last centuries. Historical references indicate that the old city of Rey and the...

The city of Tehran undergoes an increasing growth in population as well as industrial activities, both of which increase the concentration of air pollutants. The current research tries to turn a limited and focused system of air contamination measurement and control to an unlimited and extensive one that examines the concentration of each of the contaminants in any area of Tehran. Accordingly, ...