Nowadays democracy is essential for governance and citizens want to play increasing roles in policy making. But maximum political participation is not the only factor for the realization of real democracy and other preconditions such as political trust, political knowledge, acceptance of political democratic norms and political networks need. All of these concepts present political capital, whi...

Objectives: The awareness of citizens leads to access to their rights. In addition to natural rights (that are noted in many investigations) people have rights that are called social rights. This survey investigates some rights that are related to the responsibilities and missions of urban management. With revising of the notion of active citizenship, citizens need purposive participation. ...

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the reduction of citizens' helping behavior with the welfare organization. Method: This study was performed by descriptive method and ex-post facto design.  Data were collected from 408 citizens 20 years and older in Guilan province. Samples were selected using multistage cluster sampling method. Measur...