Ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) is a benign congenital hamartoma of the ectopic notochordal remnant, accounting for 0.5–2% of all autopsies, and found in 1.5% of all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. It commonly occurs along the midline within the retroclival and the prepontine cistern. EP has a slow growth rate and can vary in size from a few mm to 2 cm.[1] Giant symptomatic EPs are...

The objectives of the work described in this paper were: (i) to study the outcome of challenging ewes with Mannheimia haemolytica, at different sites of their teats, (ii) to compare the effects of two different isolates of the organism and (iii) to describe the features of the resulting lesions. Thirty-two ewes were used in the study and allocated into one of two groups (A or B, n = 16); they w...

Septations within cerebral arteries or aneurysms are exceedingly rare in the absence of associated fenestrations. We report an unusual unruptured pedunculated basilar apex aneurysm, with a "pseudoseptation" between the main aneurysmal sac and an anterior compartment, which was, in fact, represented by a perforation in the membrane of Liliequist, permitting anterior aneurysmal herniation into th...

An overview is presented of the common and uncommon diseases of the inner ear and of the cochleovestibular nerve within the internal acoustic meatus and cerebellopontine angle cistern causing sensorineural deafness.An imaging-pattern-based approach is used to help detect disease and narrow the differential diagnosis. Main Messages • The most common s...

Case This patient’s central nervous system abnormality was first suspected during a routine prenatal ultrasound at 29 weeks gestation. It was discovered that the patient had ventriculomegaly and a pineal region cyst (Figure 1a). A fetal MRI was performed at 31 weeks gestation (Figure 2). This showed a 3x3x3 cm unilocular cyst in the quadrigeminal plate cistern causing obstructive hydrocephalus....

A 37-year-old man with episodic oscillopsia for 3 months showed intermittent torsional-vertical oscillation of the left eye (video on the Neurology® Web site at www.neurology.org). MRI revealed an attachment between left trochlear nerve and left superior cerebellar artery in the quadrigeminal cistern (figure). Gabapentin 600 mg twice a day ameliorated the ocular oscillation and oscillopsia. Sup...

Chylous discharge into cavities or skin is rare and usually arises after operations in the vicinity of the cisterna chyli (secondary chylous reflux). When chylous discharge is primary, however, chylous reflux has usually been present since birth probably as a consequence of obstruction to lymph flow at or above the cistern chyli. We report a patient who had had chylous reflux into lacerated ski...

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been used to examine the ultrastructure of cerebral arteries taken from dogs up to nine days following the injection of autologous blood into the suprachiasmatic cistern and using meticulous perfusion-fixation technique. No ultrastructural changes in the cerebral arteries were noted either at sites of radiologically demonstrated arterial constr...

Macroautophagy, or simply autophagy, is a degradative pathway that delivers cytoplasmic components, including cytosol and organelles, to the lysosome in double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. This process is initiated at the pre-autophagosomal structure or phagophore assembly site and involves a number of highly conserved autophagy-related proteins. These support the generation and con...