In a recent study, we identified seven key circular competencies for design: (1) Design Multiple Use Cycles, (2) Recovery, (3) Circular Impact Assessment, (4) Business Models, (5) User Engagement, (6) Economy Collaboration, and (7) Communication. These were derived from small-scale studies with designers working in the Netherlands. We set out to assess what extent this of is recognized by an in...

Amid the growth of circular economy research, policy, and practice, there are increasingly loud calls for a unified singular definition circularity. This unity is needed, proponents argue, to enable swift action in face climate environmental crises. Our work interrogates ideal convergence around economy. We ask whether circularity must be uniform order effective. Based on science research socia...

Circular economy (CE) is a concept actively advocated by the European Union (EU), China, Japan, and United Kingdom. At present, CE considered to grant most traction for companies achieve sustainable development. However, still rarely adopted enterprises. As backbone of fourth industrial revolution, digital (DE) have disruptive effect. Studies shown that technology has great potential in promoti...

Microbial biotechnology is essential for the development of circular economy in wastewater treatment by integrating energy production and resource recovery into the production of clean water. A comprehensive knowledge about identity, physiology, ecology, and population dynamics of process-critical microorganisms will improve process stability, reduce CO2 footprints, optimize recovery and bioene...

This paper provides an overview of ongoing European policy actions to improve the circular management of non-ferrous metals. After explaining why metals are at the center of the European Union’s circular economy initiative, the authors outline a number of issues that still need tackling to “close the loop”, and prevent Europe’s metals from being landfilled, incinerated, or exported without guar...

Faced to the economic and energetic context of our society, it is widely recognised that an alternative to fossil fuels and oil-based products will be needed in the nearest future. In this way, development of urban biorefinery could bring many solutions to this problem. Study of the implementation of urban biorefinery highlights two sustainable configurations that provide solutions to the Wallo...