Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and prevalence: the associations with smoking and poverty—a BOLD analysis Peter Burney, Anamika Jithoo, Bernet Kato, Christer Janson, David Mannino, Ewa Niżankowska-Mogilnicka, Michael Studnicka, Wan Tan, Eric Bateman, Ali Koçabas, William M Vollmer, Thorarrin Gislason, Guy Marks, Parvaiz A Koul, Imed Harrabi, Louisa Gnatiuc, Sonia Buist, for the ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in infants caused by pre- and/or postnatal lung injury. BPD is characterized by arrested alveolarization and vascularization due to extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, and impaired growth factor signaling. WNT signaling is a critical pathway for normal lung development, and its altered signaling has been...

Unidad de Investigación en Músculo y Aparato Respiratorio (URMAR), Barcelona, Spain Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud (CEXS), Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona (PR...

he term chronic obstructive lung disease T ( C O L D ) is used to designate a heterogeneous group of patients \\rho have persistent irreversible a iways obstruction of uncertain et ioloa. Until recently, these patients were thought to have an unpredictable course, an uncertain prognosis, and wry variable clinical manifestations. \Ye now know that most patients follo\w a slowly progressive cours...

Introduction T common criterion recommended for diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is demonstration of “progressive irreversible airway obstruction” on spirometry. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) has recommended spirometry as the gold standard for diagnosis of COPD. However, spirometry is not widely available and spirometric test results ...

Fifty patients with chronic obstructive lung disease were questioned about their sleep quality and their responses were compared with those of 40 similarly aged patients without symptomatic lung disease. Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease reported more difficulty in getting to sleep and staying asleep and more daytime sleepiness than the control group. More than twice as many patien...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often leads to massive oedema and the development of what is usually called cor pulmonale. The mechanisms by which patients with COPD retain salt and water are not completely understood. Several abnormalities have been found including reduced renal blood flow with relatively preserved glomerular filtration rate and elevated levels of renin, aldostero...

Inflammatory mediators play a major role in pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations of COPD. In the preoperative risk evaluation, composite scoring systems like ASA physical status are more efficacious than any single risk factor. Intraoperative ventilator graphics help in managing respiratory mechanics and reducing dynamic hyperinflation. Preoperative optimization of respiratory status an...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, namely, pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is a chronic inflammatory response of the airways to noxious particles or gases, with resulting pathological and pathophysiological changes in the lung. The main pathophysiological aspects of the disease are airflow obstruction and hyperinflation. The mechanical properties of the respiratory system and it...