It is well recognized that physical and chemical properties of materials can alter dramatically at nanoscopic scale, and the growing use of nanotechnologies requires careful assessment of unexpected toxicities and biological interactions. However, most in vivo toxicity concerns focus primarily on pulmonary, oral, and dermal exposures to ultrafine particles. As nanomaterials expand as therapeuti...

Background: The rectum is the lower part of colon. Its cancer third most common worldwide. Aim: To determine frequency and severity acute perineal skin reactions in rectal patients at completion preoperative pelvic radiotherapy. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Methodology: conducted Department Clinical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Multan. Patients (n=96) were enrolle...

Background: Trachyspermum ammi is one of the prominent plant in traditional medicine of the east with several medicinal effects such as improvement of stomach disease, digestive disorder, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, bladder stones, respiratory disease and etc. Medicinal plants is one of the important reason of toxicity particularly in children and the elderly therefore, evaluation of the toxic effect...

BACKGROUND Impaired wound healing represents a high cost for health care systems. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes dermal microangiopathy and contributes to delayed wound healing and chronic ulcers. Endothelial dysfunction impairs cutaneous microvascular blood flow by inducing an imbalance between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction as a consequence of reduced nitric oxide (NO) production ...

Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN), a chronic skin condition, affects primarily mature wild salmonids returning from the sea to freshwater for their spawning. The involvement of water moulds such as Saprolegnia parasitica secondary pathogen in this disease is clear but identification primary cause or pathogen(s) remains elusive. In opinion article, we re-visit UDN regarding epidemiology, patholog...