The induction and dissemination of mucosal immune responses to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) administered into the ileal pouches of patients, who had been colectomized because of ulcerative colitis, was analyzed. Biopsies from the duodenum and ileal pouch were collected, along with peripheral blood and ileostomy fluids. Two immunizations induced strong CTB-specific immunoglobulin A...

When photoirradiated, an unnatural sialic acid analog can covalently capture the complex formed by ganglioside GM1 and cholera toxin subunit B.

Recent reports have demonstrated that feeding small amounts of antigen conjugated to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) suppress immune responses in experimental models of certain T(h)1-based autoimmune diseases. We have established a model of aerosol sensitization leading to T(h)2-mediated allergic immune responses in BALB/c mice. In the present study two different antigens, the dietary anti...

Induction of local antiviral immune responses at the mucosal portal surfaces where HIV-1 and other viral pathogens are usually first encountered remains a primary goal for most vaccines against mucosally acquired viral infections. Exploring mucosal immunization regimes in order to find optimal vector combinations and also appropriate mucosal adjuvants in the HIV vaccine development is decisive....

The effect of cholera toxin on activation of adenylate cyclase by the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, GTP, dopamine, and forskolin was investigated in bovine striatum. Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in washed membrane fractions prepared from homogenates that had been preincubated with cholera toxin. Pretreatment of striatal membranes with cholera toxin increased the respon...

Mucosally induced immunological tolerance is an attractive strategy for preventing or treating illnesses resulting from untoward inflammatory immune reactions against self- or non-self-antigens. Oral administration of relevant autoantigens and allergens has been reported to delay or suppress onset of clinical disease in a number of experimental autoimmune and allergic disorders. However, the ap...

The relationship between the structure of the A subunit of pertussis toxin and its function was analyzed. Limited tryptic digestion of the A subunit converted the protein to two stable fragments (M. = 20,000 and 18,000). Antibodies raised to synthetic peptides homologous to regions in the A subunit were used to map these fragments. Both fragments were shown to contain the NHz-terminal portion b...

An efficient mucosal vaccination has a number of obvious advantages over invasive routes of immunization. The immune response to measles virus (MV) was investigated after intranasal and intragastric co-immunization of mice with cholera toxin B (CTB) as an adjuvant. High titres of virus-specific IgG antibodies and a transient IgA response were detected in the sera after intranasal but not after ...

Biological membrane-like lipid films were deposited on the sensing surface in an optical biosensor instrument. The membranes were mixtures of biologically occurring lipids. Eight surfaces were prepared, some of which contained various glycolipids as minor components. One was supplemented with membrane proteins. The binding of six protein toxins (cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit, diphtheri...