When tested as a microbial model for mammalian drug metabolism, the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans metabolized chlorpromazine and methdilazine within 72 h. The metabolites were extracted by chloroform, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and UV spectroscopic analyses. The major metabolites of chlorpromazin...

OBJECTIVE To establish whether there is any difference in the efficacy of a chlorpromazine regimen and a sumatriptan regimen for the management of the pain of acute severe migraine. SETTING Two urban teaching hospital emergency departments. METHODS Prospective, randomised, unblinded, crossover trial. All patients received intravenous metoclopramide 10 mg and 1000 ml of normal saline over 1 ...

1 The hyperactivity syndrome produced in rats by administration of tranylcypromine (20 mg/kg i.p.) followed 30 min later by L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg i.p.) is generally considered to be due to increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) functional activity. It is inhibited by chlorpromazine (30 mg/kg i.p.) injected 60 min before the tranylcypromine. However, chlorpromazine injection for 4 days either at ...

In the present study, we examined whether the powerful antioxidant probucol (a clinically used lipid-lowering drug) would attenuate the oxidative stress and energy starvation in experimental model of heart failure (HF) using isoproterenol. Rats were injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (2.4 mgkg-1) daily for 1 week, and then treated with probucol (61 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks. Oxidative st...

Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders were explored by monitoring the expression of GABAergic neurons in an animal model. Male rats of postnatal days 21 and 60 were intraperitoneally injected with amphetamine (Amph), 5 mgkg, or saline three times daily for 6 d. After 1-d or 14-d withdrawal from Amph, they were challenged on day 8 (W1d) or on day 21 (W14d) with a single s...

BACKGOUND Ethnobatanical survey associates Sapium ellipticum (SE) with antidiabetic usage among other medicinal functions in different parts of Africa. More importantly, previous studies on the plant extract in our laboratory showed that SE has significant effects on the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes such as glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In v...

The oxidative stability of margarine supplemented with different concentrations of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extract (FSE) was compared to the synthetic antioxidants; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at legal concentrations. The experiment was carried out under accelerated storage conditions for 4 weeks employing peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AV...

Land use in east China tends to change from paddy rice to vegetables or other high-value cash crops, resulting in high input rates of organic manures and increased risk of contamination with both heavy metals (HMs) and antibiotics. This investigation was conducted to determine the accumulation, distribution and risks of HMs and tetracyclines (TCs) in surface soils and profiles receiving differe...

Adenosine receptors modulate dopaminergic function by regulating dopamine release in presynaptic neurons and intracellular signaling in postsynaptic striatal neurons. To investigate how adenosine impinges on the action of dopamine in feeding and locomotion, genetically altered, dopamine-deficient mice were treated with adenosine receptor antagonists. Acute administration of the nonselective ade...