background: due to the continuous use and also the individual’s different health conditions that use the service, swimming pools may be a suitable place to transfer different types of diseases. it has always been a serious concern from the health point of view. methods: in this descriptive study, the sampling was conducted as non- probable purposive. isfahan health center number 1 including 19 ...

The microbial quality of water plays a key role in community health. The present study aimed to determine the microbial quality of the drinking water distribution networks in the urban and rural areas of Dasht-e Azadegan County, Iran and assess the influential factors in the quality of drinking water.In this descriptive-analytical study, 907 drinking water samples were collected from the urban ...

Cosmogenic chlorine-36 reveals dates of the multiple prehistoric earthquakes that have produced a scarp on the Hebgen Lake fault. Apparent chlorine-36 ages are stratigraphically correct, follow a predicted theoretical pattern, and produce geologically reasonable model ages of 24, 20, 7.0, 2.6, 1.7, and 0.4 thousand years ago. This result demonstrates the feasibility of using cosmogenic chlorine...

native stoichiometric oxide, TiO2, always present on the titanium surface, results in a non-reproducible induction time. During etching the surface of titanium is covered by a highly fluorinated layer which protects the metal by the reaction with oxygen. Chlorine is not able to remove the native oxide unless drastic conditions are realized, Once this layer is removed with fluorine, the reaction...

In Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks, it is widely recommended to wash living things (handwashing) with 0.05% (500 mg/L) chlorine solution and non-living things (surfaces, personal protective equipment, dead bodies) with 0.5% (5,000 mg/L) chlorine solution. Chlorine solutions used in EVD response are primarily made from powdered calcium hypochlorite (HTH), granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate...

Context. The freezeout of gas-phase species onto cold dust grains can drastically alter the chemistry and the heating-cooling balance of protostellar material. In contrast to well-known species such as carbon monoxide (CO), the freezeout of various carriers of elements with abundances <10−5 has not yet been well studied. Aims. Our aim here is to study the depletion of chlorine in the protostell...

Trends in the chlorine chemical shift (CS) tensors of amino acid hydrochlorides are investigated in the context of new data obtained at 21.1 T and extensive quantum chemical calculations. The analysis of chlorine-35/37 NMR spectra of solid L-tryptophan hydrochloride obtained at two magnetic field strengths yields the chlorine electric field gradient (EFG) and CS tensors, and their relative orie...

We assessed the safety and efficacy of combined intravenous and aerosolized antioxidant administration to attenuate chlorine gas-induced airway alterations when administered after exposure. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air or 400 parts per million (ppm) chlorine (a concentration likely to be encountered in the vicinity of industrial accidents) in environmental chambers for 30 ...

in some instances, it is inevitable that large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals like chlorine gas are stored and used in facilities in densely populated areas. in such cases, all safety issues must be carefully considered. to reach this goal, it is important to have accurate information concerning chlorine gas behaviors and how it is dispersed in dense urban areas. furthermore, mainta...