resume of the results arrived at by Aron, with chlorine as an antidote, will be necessary. Aron, in the paper already quoted, refers to the employment as antidotes, of alcohol, atropine, caffeine, ozone, potassium permanganate and chlorine. In connection with the use of chlorine Aron remarks ? "By the exceedingly satis" factory results arrived at by Lenz from the " use of chlorine as an antidot...

Six human isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and E. coli (ATCC 11229) were used to determine the concentrations of free chlorine and exposure times required for inactivation. Free chlorine concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm at 23 degrees C were evaluated, with sampling times at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 min. Results revealed that five of six E. coli O157:H7 isolates and the E. coli cont...

a methodology is presented in this paper to find optimal location and dosage of chlorine injection in water distribution networks. the objective is to minimize the chlorine consumption while keeping the residual chlorine at each node within the standard range. unfortunately because of wrong water quality management in water distribution networks in many parts of the world, many problems such...

Hydrolytic lignin is a large-tonnage waste product of ethyl alcohol production and renewable resource. The structure characterized by the presence large number hydroxyl groups, which provides value as raw material for synthesis in polymer chemistry. But due to their low chemical stability dilute alkalis, acids solvents, lignins are little use wide practical use. introduction additional function...

Transient chlorine concentration profiles were measured in biofilms during disinfection by use of a microelectrode developed for this investigation. The electrode had a tip diameter of ca. 10 microm and was sensitive to chlorine in the micromolar range. The biofilms contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Chlorine concentrations measured in biofilms were typically only 20% o...

The kinetics of inactivation of six enteric viruses plus simian virus 40 and Kilham rat virus by free available chlorine was studied under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. It was found that the different virus types demonstrated a wide range of susceptibility to chlorine disinfection. The rate of inactivation was greater at pH 6 than at pH 10; however, the relative susceptibilities o...

The standard procedure for the determination of chlorine in organic compounds of mercury consists in decomposition of the material, separation of mercury and determination of chlorine as chloride. Decomposition of the sample could be achieved by wet mineralization [1,2], ignition in a stream of oxygen [3—7] or nitrogen [8], ignition in a flask with oxygen [9], etc. [10, 11]. Chlorine and mercur...

Chlorine is widely used in public water supplies to provide a disinfection barrier. The effect of chlorine disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed using multiple techniques. After exposure to chlorine viable bacteria were undetectable by conventional plate count techniques; however, persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by flow cytometry and bacteri...

Considered as one of the most available radionuclide in soil-plant system, ³⁶Cl is of potential concern for long-term management of radioactive wastes, due to its high mobility and its long half-life. To evaluate the risk of dispersion and accumulation of ³⁶Cl in the biosphere as a consequence of a potential contamination, there is a need for an appropriate understanding of the chlorine cycling...