UNLABELLED Carbohydrate-protein (CHO+Pro) beverages reportedly improve endurance and indices of muscle disruption, but it is unclear whether these effects are related to total energy intake or specific effects of protein. PURPOSE The authors examined effects of CHO+Pro on time to exhaustion and markers of muscle disruption compared with placebo (PLA) and carbohydrate beverages matched for car...

In this paper we present a model of endogenous trade-policy formation which captures crucial aspects of the Japanese commercial and political culture. We analyze the influence of the portrayed cultural traits and show that cultural idiosyncrasies are important determinants of trade policy formation; especially the complex interaction of the two types of cultures is shown to have significant con...

D ow nladed f Carvedilol selectively inhibits oscillatory intracellular calcium changes evoked by human a1Dand a1B-adrenergic receptors Taka-aki Koshimizu*, Gozoh Tsujimoto, Akira Hirasawa, Yoko Kitagawa, Akito Tanoue Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 3-35-31, Taishido, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8567, Japan Department of Genomic Drug D...

We have examined the role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans in fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion by analyzing the adhesive properties of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants deficient in glycosaminoglycans. The results of our study suggest that the absence of glycosaminoglycans does not affect the initial attachment and subsequent spreading of these cells on substrata composed of intact fibrone...

Target cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules correlates with resistance to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Prior functional studies of the murine NK cell surface molecule, Ly-49, suggested its role in downregulating NK cell cytotoxicity by specifically interacting with target cell H-2Dd molecules. In support of this hypothesis, we now demonstrate a phys...

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host used for biopharmaceutical protein production. The engineering of CHO cells to produce higher amounts of biopharmaceuticals has been highly dependent on empirical approaches, but recent high-throughput "omics" methods are changing the situation in a rational manner. Omics data analyses using gene expression or metabolite profiling make it p...

BACKGROUND The optimization of bioprocess conditions towards improved growth profile and productivity yield is considered of great importance in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Peptones as efficient sources of nutrients have been studied for their effect on media development; however, their role on metabolic pathway is not well understood. METHODS In the present study, the effect of differen...