Childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease among U.S. children between infancy and age 15. Despite successes in treating solid tumors such as Wilms tumor, disappointments in the outcomes of high-risk solid tumors like neuroblastoma have precipitated efforts towards the early and accurate detection of these malignancies. This review summarizes available solid tumor serum biomarker...

Considerable progress has been made toward improving survival for children with brain tumors, and yet there is still relatively little known regarding the molecular genetic events that contribute to tumor initiation or progression. Nonrandom patterns of chromosomal deletions in several types of childhood brain tumors suggest that the loss or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are critical e...

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a well-established imaging modality in adult oncological practice. Its role in childhood malignancies needs to be discussed as paediatric malignancies differ from adults in tumor subtypes and they have different tumor biology and FDG uptake patterns. This is also compounded by smaller body mass, dosimetric restrictions, and phys...

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is anundifferentiated neoplasm arising from the germinal matrix of the primitive neural tube. It is predominantly an infratentorial tumor of childhood. Adult supratentorial PNETs are less common and extraneural metastasis are extremely unusual. Only five sporadic cases were reported in the international literature.1–6 In this article, we report a rare case...

Brain stem tumors are perhaps the most dreaded cancers in pediatric oncology, owing to their historically poor prognosis, yet they remain an area of intense research. Brain stem tumors account for about 10 to 15% of childhood brain tumors. Peak incidence for these tumors occurs around age 6 to 9 years. The term brain stem glioma is often used interchangeably with brain stem tumor. More precisel...

This is a presentation of a rare malignant tumor that uncommonly affects the bones of the foot. The following case involves a malignancy which usually presents during childhood or adolescence presenting much later in life. Physicians treating the foot and ankle must include osteosarcoma in their list of differential diagnoses to exclude when vague symptoms involving deep pain and edema present....

Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are extremely rare. There have been only a few cases of MRT described in the literature and even fewer in the radiology literature. We present rare uterine and hepatic MRT and their computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging features with histopathologic correlation. Although the final diagnosis is based largely on histopathology, ...

ovarian mixed germ cell tumors consisting of endodermal sinus tumor and immature teratoma are very rare and have been reported only in a few case reports. here we report a rare mixed germ cell tumor of ovary which was consisted of endodermal sinus tumor and immature teratoma components with an unusual intraabdominal location. patient was a 21 years old girl with the chief compliant of abdominal...

Wilms' tumor is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in childhood. Advances in treatment modalities such as the combination of chemoradiation therapy with surgery have enhanced overall survival. However, recurrence of Wilms' tumor is still a problem. In this case, a 28-year-old female had experienced intermittent abdominal pain, and the computed tomography scan showed a huge pelvic mass...