STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine associations between five measures of housing conditions during childhood and subsequent mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING Data on housing conditions were collected from survey centres in 16 areas of England and Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Children of families participating in the Carnegie ...

BACKGROUND Scotland has a persistently high mortality rate that is not solely due to the effects of socio-economic deprivation. This "excess" mortality is observed across the entire country, but is greatest in and around the post-industrial conurbation of West Central Scotland. Despite systematic investigation, the causes of the excess mortality remain the subject of ongoing debate. DISCUSSIO...

BACKGROUND Reducing childhood mortality is the fourth goal of the Millennium Development Goals agreed at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000. However, childhood mortality in developing countries remains high. Providing an accurate picture of space and time-trend variations in child mortality in a region might generate further ideas for health planning actions to achieve such ...

BACKGROUND Adult body mass index (BMI) has been consistently related to mortality, but little is known about the impact of earlier life BMI on adult mortality. The aim is to investigate the impact of childhood, adolescent and early adult BMI on premature adult all-cause mortality. METHODS The British 1946 cohort study was used to assess the association of BMI in childhood, adolescence and adu...

The study assessed the achievements in, critically reviewed the relevant issues of, and put forward recommendations for achieving the target of the Millennium Development Goal relating to mortality of children aged less than five years (under-five mortality) in Bangladesh within 2015. To materialize the study objectives, a thorough literature review was done. Mortality of under-five children an...

Infant and child mortality rates are important indicators of the health status of a country. This paper presents the spatial analysis of infant and child mortality rates among the geopolitical zones of Nigeria with the objective of highlighting the unevenness in childhood mortality rates among the regions. Data for the study was obtained from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 1999 a...

Under-five mortality in Nepal remains high, at approximately 100 deaths per 1,000 live births, and as in other high mortality settings, pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood death. However, Nepal is an exceptional example of donorlMOWNGO partnership on a large scale to reduce childhood deaths through case management at the community-level. Nepal's CB-IMCI initiative has grown out of experie...

Background Adverse socioeconomic circumstances in childhood have been related to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood in most, but not all, studies. The findings of such studies can be diYcult to interpret given the association of childhood social circumstances with social conditions and behavioural risk factors for CVD in adulthood. Statistical adjustment for these, however...

Childhood immunisation has been credited with being responsible for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality over the past 40-50 years. It was the first item on the list of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the ‘Ten great public health achievements’ of the 20th century. The viral diseases smallpox and poliomyelitis were eradicated in the United States of America as a result of vaccina...

background:child health improvement is one of the most important indexes in health programs among all countries. one of the eight millennium development goals for 2015 is reduction of child mortality. based on who recommendation integrated management of childhood illness (imci) is one of the most effective strategies to reduce under five mortality rates. in this study, we tried to compare knowl...