Background: The P600 brain wave reflects syntactic processes in response to different first language (L1) violations, repair, structural reanalysis, and specific semantic components. Unlike processing, aspects of the second (L2) processing differ from L1, particularly at lower levels proficiency. At higher L2 proficiency, violations are more likely result P600, similar L1 native speakers. Objec...

the present study attempts to investigate parsing preferences (early vs. late closure) of native and l2 learners of both english and persian when they read ambiguous relative clauses. the purpose is to find out if l2 learners process l2 linguistic input in the way monolingual speakers of that language do. the participants took tests including 10 test sentences plus 10 distractors, each followed...

This study investigated intonation of Japanese sentences spoken by Australian English speakers and the influence of their first language (L1) prosody. The second language (L2) intonation is a complicated product of the L1 transfer at two levels of prosodic hierarchy, at word level and at phrase levels. For each level, the typical error patterns were listed and described in terms of L2 acquisiti...

Language proficiency is predicted to modulate orthographic-semantic association in second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition, in accordance with the assumptions of the Developmental Bilingual Interactive-Activation model (BIA-d) (Grainger et al., 2010). The current study explored this modulation during pre-attentive L2 orthographic perception. ERPs were recorded from Chinese-English bilingual...

While research on second language (L2) tense-aspect acquisition has flourished, most studies have focused lexical aspect as an explanatory variable (Bardovi-Harlig and Comajoan-Colomé 2020). However, the role of features first (L1) production in L2 Spanish preterit-imperfect never been tested before. Prior found that frequency distinctiveness verb forms corpora L1 English predict learners’ (Wul...

This study aimed to investigate the acquisition of liaison in English by Chinese-speaking learners. Ten second-year postgraduate students non-English majors Tongji University, China, were invited take part an experiment. They asked prepare recordings a set materials, including phrases, dialogues, and talking topic, before after self-study training on liaison. To examine every type their speech,...

The focus of this study is the role previously acquired languages in acquisition a third language (L3). It focused on cross-linguistic influences (CLI) German/Spanish lan- guage (TLA) by learners with Croatian first (L1) and English second (L2). Participants were third-year undergraduate students at Roch- ester Institute Technology’s subsidiary Croatia (RIT Croatia). All participants had exclus...

Abstract Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing variety first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting new resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), rich behavioral eye-tracking record text in English as amon...

The main purpose of the experiments reported here has been to test a hypothesis about the influence of L1 phonology on the acquisition of contrastive L2 phonetic categories. This hypothesis holds that an L2 contrastive category will be difficult to acquire if it is based on a phonetic feature not exploited in the L1. Twenty native speakers each of American English, Latin American Spanish and Es...

Adult second-language (L2) learners’ perception of L2 phonetic segments is influenced by firstlanguage phonological and phonetic properties. It was recently proposed that L2 vocabulary size in adult learners is related to changes in L2 perception (perceptual assimilation model), analogous to the emergence of first-language phonological function (i.e., attunement to the phonological identity of ...