Although chewing has been suggested to be a basal gnathostome trait retained in most major vertebrate lineages, it has not been studied broadly and comparatively across vertebrates. To redress this imbalance, we recorded EMG from muscles powering anteroposterior movement of the hyoid, and dorsoventral movement of the mandibular jaw during chewing. We compared muscle activity patterns (MAP) duri...

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of wearing a denture on prefrontal activity during chewing performance. We specifically examined that activity in 12 elderly edentulous subjects [63.1±6.1 years old (mean ± SD)] and 12 young healthy controls (22.1±2.3 years old) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in order to evaluate the quality of prefrontal functionality ...

UNLABELLED Areca nut chewing is one of the most prevalent substance abuse habits in the world, and it is associated with the risk of a variety of medical challenges including hypertension, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an extremely rare complication of areca nut chewing. Herein we report two cases where patients suffered fr...

Uncertainty exists with respect to the extent to which chewing gum may attenuate stress-induced rises in cortisol secretion (Johnson, Jenks, Miles, Albert, & Cox, 2011; Scholey et al., 2009; Smith, 2010). The present study used the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST: Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993), a task known to elevate cortisol secretion (Kudielka, Schommer, Hellhammer, & Kirschbaum, 200...

Research suggests that there might be a relationship between chew count as well as chewing rate and energy intake. Chewing has been used in wearable sensor systems for the automatic detection of food intake, but little work has been reported on the automatic measurement of chew count or chewing rate. This work presents a method for the automatic quantification of chewing episodes captured by a ...

BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus generates a high impact on morbidity, hospital stay, and costs. OBJECTIVE To study the efficiency and safety of chewing gum to decrease postoperative ileus in colorectal surgery. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was performed including 64 patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis in a tertiary referral center. Patients wer...

The cellulose-rich walls that protect plant cells are difficult to digest, and therefore mechanical food processing is a key aspect of herbivory across vertebrates. Cell walls are typically broken down by translation of flattened teeth in the occlusal plane (i.e. grinding) as part of a complex, rhythmic chewing stroke. The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is a voracious, invasive herbivorou...

Feeding behaviour and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows were evaluated when fed diets formulated to supply a similar proportion undigested neutral detergent fibre (uNDF) after 30-h incubation (uNDF30), while wheat straw (WS) replaced for corn silage (CS), alfalfa hay (AH) or both. In randomised block design, 32 multiparous Holstein (days in milk = 78 ± 11 d, production 56 6 kg/d) used. AH CS t...

Streptococcus mutans is strongly associated with caries in humans1 and its level in the mouth can be a good indicator of caries-risk. However, caries is a multifactorial disease and the presence of high levels of Streptococcus mutans at a particular site does not imply that such a site will inevitably develop a lesion. In addition, Streptococcus mutans is not found alone in association with car...

Xylitol was first discovered in the 19th century, it wasn’t until the 1960’s that commercial production was first implemented. Recent studies showed that xylitol chewing gum is beneficial for preventing caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, it is also advantageous for orthodontic treatment, especially the fixed orthodontics patients who have difficulties in acquiring optimal oral health, p...