The use of negative ion monitoring mode with an atmospheric pressure ion mobility orthogonal reflector time-of-flight mass spectrometer [IM(tof)MS] to detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) degradation products from aqueous phase samples has been determined. Aqueous phase sampling used a traditional electrospray ionization (ESI) source for sample introduction and ionization. Certified reference ma...

This study was conducted to investigate the biodegradation potential of neutralized organophosphorus nerve agents: O-ethyl-S-(2-diisopropyl-aminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), and O-cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF). Removing labile leaving groups from these compounds can be accomplished chemically (e.g. alkali) or enzymatically (by a variety of hydrolases) ...

Sea dumping of chemical warfare (CW) took place worldwide during the 20th century. Submerged CW included metal bombs and casings that have been exposed for 50–100 years corrosion are now known to be leaking. Therefore, arsenic-based agents (CWAs), pose a potential threat marine ecosystems. The aim this research was support need real-data measurements accurate risk assessments categorization thr...