Conventional treatment methods are used in the of drinking water to protect human and environmental health. These can be named aeration increase amount oxygen, precipitation, chemical treatment, filtration, chlorination for disinfection. Besides, iron manganese removal operations performed places where hardness is very high depending on geographical location, cases content high. Drinking, techn...

The use of conventional chemical disinfectants is a common practice in built environments and has drastically increased response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While effective for instantaneous disinfection, application indoor surfaces associated with recontamination prone select antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. In contrast, probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) relies on premise that probiotic bacteri...

chemical methods ( actinometry ) depend on the measurement of the extent to which a chemical reaction occurs under the influence of uv light. two chemical actinometers have been used in this research. in one method, the mixtures of potassium peroxidisuiphate butanol solutions were irradiated for various time intervals, and ph-changes were determined. a linear relationship was observed between t...

I nfection prevention programs for health care facilities include environmental surface cleaning and disinfection as fundamental components. The use of chemical disinfectants is warranted in certain instances because it is neither necessary nor possible to sterilize all contaminated items and surfaces after provision of patient care. The importance of environmental asepsis is evident as reporte...

Endoscopy is a common procedure and is associated with risk, albeit very small, of cross infection. Adherence to recommendation of disinfection requires to be followed at all time. The chemical disinfectant used; in particular gluteraldehye which widely used is associated with complications. We report the case of glutaraldehyde colitis in a man who had undergone colonoscopy for screening purpos...

Why do we so often see the statement, “use in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions” in sterilization and disinfection standards and guidelines? That advice is in recommendations from the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Why do the Centers ...

In Finnish lakes and rivers used as water supplies, mesophilic fungi and actinomycetes were common, whereas thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes were present only in low concentrations. Fungi and actinomycetes were more abundant in eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes than in oligotrophic lakes. River water contained more thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi and mesophilic actinomycetes than did lak...

ABSTRACT Extruded bone is a rare complication of high energy open fractures, and there is only a handful of literature on reimplantation of the extruded segment. No clear guidelines exist regarding timing of reimplantation, stabilization of extruded bone segments, and also bone disinfection and sterilization techniques. Previous reports describe sterilization using thermal or chemical methods. ...