We consider the hypothesis of the primordial nature of the non-enzymatic reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and describe a modeling approach to quantify the uncertainty of this hypothesis due to the combinatorial aspect of the constituent chemical transformations. Our results suggest that a) rTCA cycle belongs to a degenerate optimum of auto-catalytic cycles, and b) the set of targets for ...

This colorized, perspective SEM image shows aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown on a quartz substrate in two sequential cycles of chemical vapor deposition (red and blue), as reported by John Rogers and co-workers. The gold line depicts an electrode contact to the array. The SEM image in the background shows regions of dual and single growth on the left and right, respectively.

In this paper and Paper II, we outline a general framework for the thermodynamic description of open chemical reaction networks, with special regard to metabolic networks regulating cellular physiology and biochemical functions. We first introduce closed networks "in a box", whose thermodynamics is subjected to strict physical constraints: the mass-action law, elementarity of processes, and det...

Chemical looping combustion is a promising technology for power production with integrated CO2 capture. High overall efficiencies can be reached, if the CLC reactors are operated at elevated pressures and high temperature, which can be accommodated in packed bed reactors. More possible oxygen carriers can be selected if the desired temperature rise for power production is achieved in a two stag...

We described a lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery comprising a graphene electrode, a dimethoxyethane-based electrolyte, and H2O and lithium iodide (LiI) additives, lithium hydroxide (LiOH) being the predominant discharge product. We demonstrate, in contrast to the work of Shen et al., that the chemical reactivity between LiOH and the triiodide ion (I3 (-)) to form IO3 (-) indicates that LiOH can be...

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was homogeneously coated on multiwalled carbon nanotube through a simple chemical deposition method and employed in supercapacitor electrodes. SEM image indicated the uniform distribution of Co3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of the multiwalled carbon nanotube. A maximum specific capacitance of 273 Fg(-1) was obtained at the charge-discharge current density of 0.5 Ag(-1). A...

the effects of solvent, temperature, time, weight percent of catalyst on the rate and mechanism of cyclization of natural rubber (nr) was studied in toluene and xylene solutions having tin tetra chloride catalyst (sncl4). iodometric titration show, with 8% sncl4 (based on polymer weight) cyclization occurs, leaving 27.4% of the total unsaturation. infrared spectra of cyclized nr show decreased ...

modifying polyester spacer fabric by β-cyclodextrin produces a new product with outstanding characteristics. citric acid is used as a crosslinking agent for improvement of durability of this material in textile fabrics. in this research different concentrations of citric acid and β-cyclodextrin were applied on a 3d fabric and some properties including weight change, weight of moisture residue, ...

We prove tight bounds for crossing numbers of hypercube and cube connected cyc1es (CCC) graphs.