Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect 2-docosanol, a secondary alcohol characteristic of Mycobacterium xenopi, in 7 of 10 analyzed drinking water samples culture positive for that species. GC-MS was also used to detect tuberculostearic acid. Both of these chemical markers were analyzed as halogenated derivatives in the negative-ion-chemical-ionization mode. The numbers...

Selenium intoxication induces a variety of clinical syndromes, such as chronic dystrophic digital lesions in horses, cattle, and swine (alkali disease), poliomyelomalacia in pigs, and myocardial necrosis in various species. Diagnosis of selenosis is currently based on the presence of characteristic lesions, combined with chemical analysis (more than 2 and 10 μg/g selenium in blood and hair, res...

A novel microfluidic reactor for biofilm growth and in situ characterization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was constructed to enable two-dimensional chemical imaging of hydrated biofilms. We demonstrate the detection of characteristic fatty acid fragments from microfluidic reactor-grown biofilms and illustrate advantages of hydrated-state ToF-SIMS imaging.

In typical conditions of diamond film synthesis in a EACVD device ~JllectronAssisted Chemical Vapor Deposition), we report on the sudden jumps, bistability, multistability and negative resistance phenomena in methane-hydrogen mixture discharge plasma. We studied the variations of these phenomena with gas pressure, filament current. The difference of discharge characteristic between pure hydroge...

The first total synthesis of a member of the C-glucosidic subclass of ellagitannins, 5-O-desgalloylepipunicacortein A, was accomplished by relying on a biomimetic aldol-type formation of its characteristic C-aryl glucosidic bond through the exploitation of the inherent chemical reactivity of a glucopyranosic hemiacetal precursor.

The detection of abnormal events in advance is still a challenge in chemical industries. The earlier it is done, the greater the possibility of at least mitigating losses. This study investigates the performance of a signal processing tool so-called hidden Markov model (HMM) in accomplishing detection tasks. The case study is based on a chemical recovery boiler that belongs to a Kraft pulping m...

The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new...

All matters in the path of filaments induced by an intense femtosecond laser pulse propagating in air could be fragmented and result in the emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra from the excited fragments. The fluorescence spectra exhibit specific signatures (fingerprints) that can be used for the identification of various substances including chemical and biological species. In this ...

as the diagnostic sign of life. This is what Mr. Tashiro has demonstrated. "That mechanism," he says, "which enables living matter to respond to the external world . . . may be called the most characteristic thing in life. The chemical accompaniment, or basis, of this mechanism, discovered by the author in nerve fibers, he has hoped to show exists in all forms of living matter, both of plants a...

Chrysophyceae, also known as golden algae, contain characteristic, three-dimensional biomineralized silica structures. Their chemical composition and microscopic structure was studied. By high-temperature conversion of the skeleton of Mallomonas caudata and Synura petersenii into elementary silicon by magnesium vapour, nanostructured defined replicates were produced which were clearly seen afte...